Технология первичного семеноводства крупноплодного заразихоустойчивого сорта подсолнечника Казак

Abstract

In 2021–2023, the variability of economically useful traits (seed number per head, weight of 1000 seeds and oil content) in the broomrape-resistant confectionery sunflower variety Kazak was established. The purpose of the research is to study the features of methods for selecting and assessing economically useful traits of broomrape-resistant confectionery sunflower in stages of the primary seed production. A feature of the primary seed production of large-seeded sunflower varieties of the confectionery group is obtaining the required yield of qualitative seeds, indicators of weight of 1000 seeds, oil content, hull content, etc. An important element of the primary seed production of broomrape-resistant sunflower varieties is the usage of a plots infected with broomrape race G for the selection of resistant biotypes. To characterize the variability of traits, the following statistical indicators were used: average, maximum and minimum values of the trait; the range of variability and the coefficient of variation were determined. It was established that when selecting individual plants of the seed-growing elite of the variety Kazak, the average value of the seed weight per a head was 209 g with fluctuations from 126 to 224 g. The average oil content in seeds reached 42.1% with fluctuations from 39.4% to 46.0%. The average weight of 1000 seeds was at the level of 160 g with fluctuations from 140 to 204. The conditions of the year influenced the degree of manifestation of the studied traits. The work done to cull undesirable biotypes among the seedgrowing elite led to the formation of a population of the broomrape-resistant variety Kazak, which was significantly improved in the process of the primary seed production compared to the initial value by weight of 1000 seeds – by 8.1%.