СУБ’ЄКТ У СУЧАСНІЙ ПСИХОЛОГІЇ: СИНЕРГЕТИЧНА МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ АНАЛІЗУ

Abstract

In the article synergetic consideration of the subject’s nature, based on the principles of self-organization of highly organized systems is proposed. On the basis of analysis of scientific literature three types of scientific cognition are distinguished, which differ from each other by approaches to the understanding of integrity of researched object, to the role of environment, in which object functions and to the possible positions of researcher toward the object of research. These types of cognition correspond to three types of organization of integrity: a mechanism, a system, and a text. Type of scientific rationality, used by researcher, determines the complexity of constructed theoretical model of the subject. Functioning of vital activities of the subject is possible in three dimensions: holistic physical world, systematic aggregate of social spaces and text of vital activities, which is (re)constructed by subject during his life. These dimensions correspond to the next models of inner organization of subject: holistic subject, management system for his vital activities, self-organization of the text of discourse, which determines the life goals of subject. Synergetic consideration of the nature of subject leads to integrative analysis of subject as an autonomous integrity, a part of social spaces and a tool of self-organization of vital activities’ text. Likeness of structure of inner subject’s organization let to researcher on the basis of studying of separate fragments of vital activities of the subject to reconstruct the holistic model of subject.