НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ГІГІЄНІЧНИХ ПИТАНЬ ЩОДО РОЗМІЩЕННЯ ВБУДОВАНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ'Я В ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИХ КРАЇНАХ

Abstract

In modern urban development, design solutions take into account the increase in the number of people living in cities and the growing need of the population to provide public facilities: shopping and entertainment facilities, health care facilities, administrative institutions, sports facilities, pharmacies, grocery stores and others, which due to the shortage of land and architectural planning to increase the number of storeys of buildings, are located in built-in rooms on the first and second floors of residential buildings. Such placement of public objects provides conditions of convenient and territorially close to the place of residence access to them, however, such a combination of public and residential buildings in one building, as well as the joint use of the adjacent territory requires a detailed study from a hygienic point of view. In Ukraine, there are no sanitary and anti-epidemic requirements for the placement of built-in health care facilities, which necessitated the study of foreign experience in these matters. According to the results of the analysis of normative documents of sanitary and town-planning legislation of the EU countries, in particular the Republic of Poland, the Czech Republic, Romania, the Republic of Moldova, France in terms of requirements for design, placement and operation of built-in health facilities and urban planning legislation provides for the placement of built-in health care facilities, in compliance with a number of sanitary and anti-epidemic requirements. In the EU countries, sanitary and anti-epidemic requirements for the location and operation of built-in health care facilities focused on the following architectural, planning and functional solutions: arrangement of a separate isolated entrance group to the built-in health care facility; creating safe, convenient and unimpeded access to the building and all medical and ancillary facilities for people with special needs, which include ramps, elevators, lifts, access for guide animals for the visually impaired and others; implementation of precautionary (health) measures when placing built-in health care facilities, which include dividing walls, autonomous ventilation systems and others; compliance with the normative sizes of medical and auxiliary premises. We consider it necessary to implement the current sanitary and hygienic requirements of the EU countries on the conditions of placement of built-in health care facilities in the sanitary legislation of Ukraine by amending the national normative document: "Sanitary and anti-epidemic requirements for health care facilities that provide primary medical (medical and sanitary) care. DSanPiN 2.3-183-2013 ”(as amended), which will help improve the sanitary legislation of Ukraine, as well as preserve the health of medical staff, patients and residents of residential buildings, which house built-in health care facilities.