Подходы к пониманию профессионального самоопределения в социальной психологии

Abstract

Relevance. Young people have always been concerned about their choice of profession. Currently, in the context of the sharp increase and expansion of opportunities in the sphere of professional choice, this problem has become even more relevant. This article considers the concept of professional self-determination (PS) through social-psychological knowledge. The problem of free choice is discussed in the approaches of sociology (M. Veber), philosophy (M. Heidegger, N.A. Berdyaev) and psychology (S.L. Rubinstein, I.S. Kon, N.S. Pryazhnikov, A.A. Anistratenko). Objective. The aim of our work is to conduct an overview and analytical research of the PS construct as well as to structure the existing approaches to the study of the target construct. Methods. Theoretical analysis in the form of systematization and generalization of the ideas of sociologists and psychologists discussing the problems of awareness and freedom of choice in self-determination was carried out. Results. Self-determination is divided into 2 components: personal and social. The PS is outlined as a subspecies of social self-determination. 4 approaches to understanding PS as well as representatives of these approaches in social psychology are distinguished: 1. professional self-determination as a conscious choice of life path (N.S. Pryazhnikov, I.A.Koch, V.A. Orlov); 2. professional self-determination as a free choice for which a person is responsible (I.S. Kohn); 3 professional self-determination as a consequence of life orientation (T.G. Anistratenko, R.M. Shamionov); 4. professional self-determination as a psychological new formation (A.D. Andreeva, A.G. Lisichkina). Conclusion. Professional self-determination is a type of social self-determination. This construct can be fully considered socio-psychological. The highlighted 4 approaches to understanding PS are promising for socio-psychological research.