ДИНАМІКА ТА БАГАТОВИМІРНІСТЬ ЛАНДШАФТНО-ТЕХНІЧНИХ СИСТЕМ

Abstract

The article analyzes the problem of dynamics and multidimensionality of landscapes on the example of landscape and technical systems. The object of the study is a landscape and technical systems, which are characterized by significant dynamics and multidimensionality of the structure. The basis for the publication of the article was the materials of long-term field observations conducted in the framework of research of the Vinnytsia school of anthropogenic landscape science under the direction of H. I. Denysyk. The authors’ contribution is to analyze the dynamics and multidimensionality of the structure and development of the valley-river landscape and technical systems of the Right Bank Ukraine, which lasted during 2007-2019. Knowledge of the dynamics of landscape and technical systems allows one to better understand the specifics of the transformation of the modern landscape sphere and to calculate possible negative trends. It is noted that the dynamics of landscape and technical systems are functional, spatial, and structural transformations, which are manifested in all components to the critical moment of transformation of a block system into a geocomponent one. Four types of dynamics are considered. Chronological dynamics characterize the spatial changes in the boundaries of the landscape and technical system. Structural dynamics involves a change in the morphological structure of the landscape and technical system and the relationships between its blocks. Temporal dynamics unites all changes in the landscape and technical system related to time. Directed dynamics presupposes stable, unilaterally directed transformations of the landscape and technical system with multiple changes of its state and structure. It is noted that each system has its own distinctive feature – multidimensionality, that is, the functioning within it of a number of separate and simultaneously interconnected paradynamic systems. The internal block system is limited by the landscape technosphere of the planet, which combines modern soils, man-made cover, and the air layer. The internal structural-morphological system considers the landscape and the technical system as a clearly defined gradation of taxa. The internal inter-block system provides interconnection in the landscape and technical system at the level of three blocks (managerial, natural and technical). The external complex system expresses the interaction of the landscape and technical system with other landscape complexes. Through the external air system, there is an entry into the landscape and technical system and the reverse radiation of solar radiation and interaction with remote landscape complexes due to the transfer of different types of air masses. In the underlying lithogenic system, the interaction of the landscape and technical system with the lithogenic base, which is represented by the earth’s crust and the upper mantle, is manifested. It is determined that the knowledge of the problems of dynamics and multidimensionality of landscape and technical systems becomes the central problem of engineering landscape science. The development of theoretical aspects of the functioning of landscape and technical systems is of great practical importance. Understanding the specifics of the structure and development of a particular landscape-technical system will increase its economic efficiency and minimize the negative impact on adjacent landscapes. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to emphasize the research of modern geographers on the problems of multidimensionality and dynamics of different classes of anthropogenic landscapes.