Комплексний аналіз якості ортодонтичного лікування піділітків Закарпаття

Abstract

The high prevalence of dental anomalies and deformities requires a careful approach to orthodontic treatment, especially to improve quality of life. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of orthodontic care by index assessment of the results of correction of dental anomalies and determination of the psychosocial profile in adolescents of the Transcarpathian region. Material and methods. The object of the study were 68 adolescents from the Transcarpathian region. Determination of the correction of dental and maxillary apparatus anomalies was performed by calculating the relevant part of the ICON index, calculating the evaluation of the results. The quality of life of adolescents was assessed using the OHIP-14 quality of life questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed after consolidation of results using the application package Statistica 10.0 (StatSoft, Inc., USA) and Microsoft Office Excel 2010. Results and discussion. Many studies in the field of psychology have determined that self-esteem is a core characteristic of the individual and together with the level of claims is a regulator of human activity and significantly affects its development. The result of self-esteem depends on how a person evaluates his/her success in joint activities where he/she is a member. This is especially true for teenagers and adolescence. The most important aspect of impaired quality of life in patients of this subgroup were problems of psychological and social nature, issues of external attractiveness, which prevailed even over the physical aspects of the impact, which is quite typical of adolescence. In patients with moderate orthodontic treatment there was a statistically significant improvement on the scales of psychological discomfort (from 6.4±0.6 points to 3.96±0.6 points; p <0.05), psychological disability (from 6.5±0.5 points to 2.18±0.5 points; p <0.05) and social disability (from 5.4±0.5 points to 3.36±0.5 points; p <0.05). Patients in this group after solving problems related to the aesthetics of the smile, as well as discomfort during communication, felt greater psychological comfort, relief in interaction with others and peers. There was a noteworthy shift of accentuation in such patients from problems with appearance to study and active social life. Among patients with severe orthodontic treatment, the most pronounced dynamics was observed on all scales of dental quality of life: on the scale of masticatory dysfunction (from 5.7±1.0 points to 3.12±1.0 points; p <0.05), physical pain (from 7.5±0.7 points to 2.01±0.7 * points; p <0.05), psychological discomfort (from 7.9±0.6 points to 3.48±0.6 points; p <0.05) physical disability (from 7.7±0.5 points to 3.20±0.5 points; p <0.05), psychological disability (from 7.5±0.4 points to 3.41±0.5 points; p <0.05). Conclusion. According to the study results, the success of orthodontic treatment (indicators of severity and effectiveness of orthodontic treatment according to the ISO index) directly correlated with the level of quality of life (r = 0.62; p <0.05)