Эфирные масла лекарственных растений в коррекции микробиоценоза верхних дыхательных путей у детей с риносинуситом

Abstract

In this review, we analyzed the results of our studies aimed to provide a rationale for the use of ‘Dyshi’ oil for the treatment of rhinosinusitis in children. Literature data suggests high incidence of rhinosinusitis and, importantly, its frequent transition into chronic disease. The microbiota of the upper respiratory tract (URT) mucosa in healthy individuals and rhinosinusitis patients has been extensively investigated. Dysbiosis of the URT is known to have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of rhinosinusitis. It was found that opportunistic microorganisms inhabiting the URT have a number of biological properties that allow them to persist on the mucosa for a long time in case of dysbiosis. Particular attention should be paid to their abilities to form biofilms and to inactivate lysozyme, which hinders effective antimicrobial therapy of rhinosinusitis and triggers the development of chronic rhinosinusitis. This necessitates the search for alternative treatments, for example essential oils of medicinal plants. We found that ‘Dyshi’ oil can decrease the persistence potential of etiologically significant opportunistic microorganisms by inhibiting biofilm formation and suppressing lysozyme-inactivating activity at the population level. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying antimicrobial activity of essential oils and demonstrate the efficacy of ‘Dyshi’ oil for the treatment and prevention of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis in children. Key words: essential oils, microbiota of the upper respiratory tract, rhinosinusitis, treatment, children.