ШКІДНИКИ КОЛОСУ ПШЕНИЦІ ОЗИМОЇ ТА КОНТРОЛЬ ЇХ ЧИСЕЛЬНОСТІ В УМОВАХ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО ЛІСОСТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ

Abstract

One of the most important reserves to increase the gross harvest of agricultural products is to reduce crop losses from pests which now amount to 42–50 %, of which 26.3 % from insect pests. Complex of insect pests of the ear is considered to be the main and most dangerous phytophagous for which there is an increase in the prevalence and population size in the last decade. They not only lead to a significant harvest shortage, but worsen grain baking and sowing qualities. Therefore, in order to increase the effectiveness of protective measures and avoid possible negative consequences when using insecticides during the period grain formation–milk-wax ripeness of wheat, it is necessary to use more resistant varieties and deepen the study of safe use of insecticides being especially relevant. According to the results of monitoring the entomocomplex of winter wheat, 55 species of harmful insects were identified. The largest species diversity was observed among the order Coleoptera – beetles (14 species) and the order Diptera (11 species). Their percentage in the entomocomplex structure was 25 % and 20 % of the total, respectively. Eleven species of phytophagous from the order Hemiptera (bugs) were identified. The percentage of the order Homoptera in the structure of the entomocomplex was 13% (7 species). The order Lepidoptera) included 5 species. Four species of thrips (Thysanoptera) and 2 species of the order Hymenoptera were found. The order Orthoptera was represented with the smallest percentage of species, i.e. 2 %