История и направление альгологических исследований на Баренцевом море

Abstract

Information about the history of algological research on the coast of the Barents and the White Seas from the 19th century to the present day is presented. The first description of the algae of the Murman coast was carried out by Elena Stepanovna Zinova, who is the author of the book "Algae of Murman" (in two volumes), published in 1912. A great contribution to the systematics of algae in the northern seas was made by Anna Dmitrievna Zinova, the author of many works on the biogeography of algae, the macrophyte-algae identification guides. Currently, 190 species of macrophyte algae have been described in the Barents Sea. They are represented by: red (Rhodophyta division – 82 species), brown (Phaeophyceae class of Ochrophyta division – 72 species) and green (Chlorophyta division - 36 species) algae. The species composition of algae of the Murmansk coast is the most diverse (167 species). The presence of 241,130 tons of kelp in the Barents Sea has been shown, including 200,000 tons in the Murmansk coast, and 50,000 tons of fucus algae. The development of algae research on the Murmansk coast was facilitated by the organization of the Murmansk Biological Station of the USSR Academy of Sciences on the coast of Zelenetskaya Bay in the settlement of Dal'niye Zelentsy (1935). Currently, it exists as a seasonal biostation of the MMBI RAS. As a result of long-term studies of macrophytes of the Barents Sea, the following have been determined: 1) the optimal photoperiod (16 : 8 – "light-dark") for the growth of most algae, as well as its compensatory role in regulating the growth of macrophytes; 2) the negative effect of ultraviolet B on the development of algae; 3) the optimal temperature for growth and mechanisms of cold resistance of macroalgae; 4) the influence of hydrostatic pressure on the vertical distribution of macrophytobenthos in the sublittoral; 5) the significance of the intensity of water movement, of the type of substrate and of salinity for the reproduction, the growth and the macrophyte-algae distribution; 6) the range of tolerance to the effects of oil and diesel fuel (DF) in macroalgae; 7) the plantation-biofilter technology for cleaning coastal water areas from oil products, the symbiotic association for macrophyte-algae and hydrocarbon-oxidising bacteria.