ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ КАЧЕСТВА И ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЗЕРНА.

Abstract

Grain production has always been and is a strategic branch of the country’s economy. Grain, being the main food for people, presents itself as a necessary element of fodder for the production of livestock products. Therefore, the grain industry is an indicator of the level of development not only of agriculture, but also of the country’s economy as a whole. In addition, grain acts as a technical crop, as a raw material for the production of alcohol, starch and biofuel. Grain production is a source of income for agricultural producers. It is easily possible to realize as it is constantly demanded production. But here it should be noted the need to continuously increase production volumes, both by expanding the sowing areas, and increasing the productivity. So it is necessary to work on improving technology, applying fertilizers, plant protection products against pests and diseases. In order to increase the economic efficiency of grain production for agricultural producers, along with the increase in output, special attention should also be paid to product quality. In many farms, more accurately in most of them, the quality of grain is low, the content of gluten in it is only 14-17%, and therefore it can be used only as feed for livestock, as it does not meet the requirements of food grains. In this regard, as a result, the low price of its sale, which leads to low profitability of agricultural producers. As a result of our research, it is established that 70-75% of grain in the Republic of Tatarstan does not meet the food criteria. Rainy summer of this year formed a record harvest not only for winter crops, but also for all spring crops. At the same time, it is the main factor of poor quality products. However, there are many examples where, in such conditions, they have obtained high-quality grain. A positive example is the activity of “Krasnyy Vostok”, agricultural holding, where the gluten content is 27-28%. This is achieved through the use of promising varieties, for example winter wheat “Moskovskaya 39”, and “Moskovskaya 40”. We studied the territory of the Volga of Zelenodolsky municipal district, where 32.7 thousand hectares is the land use of “Krasnyy Vostok” agricultural holding. Here, the productivity of winter wheat of these varieties was 56 centners per hectare in standings at the elevator. The gluten content was 27-28%. This indicator is only at a level of 14-16% at all neighbors. We have established the factors that led to such high results.