Географічна структура експорту України в умовах зростання ризиків невизначеності розвитку глобальної економіки

Abstract

The article is aimed at analyzing changes in the geographical structure of Ukrainian exports in the context of increasing risks of uncertainty in the development of the global economy. The current global economy is a system where uncertainty has become one of its most important characteristics, requiring each country to find the optimal structure of foreign trade. The geographical structure of Ukraine’s exports is determined by its economic, geographical and transport-geographical position, specialization of the economy, which constitutes the basis of its export potential, established historically formed cooperation relations, position in the established markets of products sales, etc. The need to find the optimal geographical structure of Ukrainian foreign trade is caused by a negative balance of Ukraine’s trade balance; continuation of Russia’s military and trade aggression; lack of positive changes in the commodity structure of Ukrainian exports to the EU countries; increasing risks of uncertainty in the global economy as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic; decrease in revenues from export operations due to changes in the global market conditions. Currently, the markets of Asia and the Middle East are considered to be promising vectors of expansion of the geography of Ukrainian exports. The combination of economic and political aspects of foreign economic policy in expanding or reorienting the geographical structure of exports requires the search not only for the most profitable, but also, at the same time, long-term development prospects. Rising risks of global development uncertainty require an ongoing update of the sales expansion strategy. The condition for potential economic efficiency growth is not a simple increase in the number of trading partners, but a clearly defined direction of changes in the export policy of the State. Precisely these issues will be concern of the further research.