Пространственно-географические и производственно-технологические факторы формирования и эволюционного развития транспортно-транзитной системы СССР под влиянием мировых политико-экономических процессов

Abstract

The monograph examines the theoretical, methodological, scientific and practical foundations for identifying and analyzing the spatial, geographical, industrial and technological factors of the formation and evolutionary development of the transport and transit system (TTS) of the USSR as the foundation for the implementation and improvement of the transport and transit potential (TTP) of the Russian Federation. The theoretical and historical foundations, as well as spatial-geographical and production-technological factors of the formation and evolutionary development of the TTC of the USSR as prerequisites for the implementation of the TTP of modern Russia are revealed. The historical and economic study of the formation, evolution and extinction of trade routes in the territory that was part of the USSR was carried out, the role of long-distance trade in the formation of the Old Russian state was determined, the problems of the formation and development of the economy of the USSR and modern Russia on the evolutionary and institutional basis of Russian statehood under the influence of world political, economic, religious and cultural processes were identified. During the historical and economic analysis of the construction, development and modernization of the Trans-Siberian Railway (Transsib), its unique role as part of global transport communications in the times of the USSR and modern Russia is shown. The political, economic and military-strategic aspects of the beginning, resumption of construction and modernization of the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) have been identified, the role of this transport communication in ensuring the transit passage of goods has been determined. Based on the description and analysis of the evolutionary development and revolutionary transformations of the Unified Transport and Communication System of the USSR, the formation, implementation and growth of the TTP of the Soviet national economic complex, the place and share of the transit economy sector in the Unified National Economic Complex is determined. In the course of carrying out historical and economic studies of the world political and economic processes that had a significant impact on the development of the TTS of the USSR, the features of the formation, development and functioning of the North-South trade and transport direction are presented in a systematic form. The description of the unique features of interaction and coupling of various modes of transport in the USSR, the formation of "transport crosses" – the nodal transport and transit centers of spatial and economic development of the country is given. The results of economic and mathematical modeling, substantive and expert analysis of the cyclical dynamics of volumes, directions, types of exports of transport services to the USSR, which have a special uniqueness, are presented. The spatial-geographical and production-technological features of the organization of transportation in the space of the USSR and the territory of modern Russia are identified, systematized and analyzed. Special attention is paid to identifying and describing the risks of the functioning of the transit economy, the formation and expansion of which can increase the dependence of the socio-economic situation in the state on the development of international trade, increase the influence of external factors, and pose a threat to the political and economic sovereignty of the country. Special attention is paid to the directions of ensuring inclusive growth of the Arctic economy through the development of North–South trade routes and strengthening Russia's economic sovereignty. Recommendations are given on the implementation of the state economic policy aimed at the development of the TCS of Russia and the CIS countries, increasing the export of transport services, the emergence of points of accelerated growth, ensuring the sovereignty and connectivity of the country's territory based on the experience of spatial and economic development of the USSR and historical and economic analysis of the reasons for the dismantling of this state entity.