АНАЛИЗ ПОДРАЗДЕЛЕНИЙ ПОЖАРНОЙ ОХРАНЫ НА ОБЪЕКТАХ НЕФТЕПЕРЕРАБОТКИ И НЕФТЕХИМИИ

Abstract

Background Fire guard at petrochemical and oil production facilities is a very important part of fire safety. Fires and accidents on objects of oil refining lead to serious consequences for the environment and for the population. With the advent of first gas plants the attention was also paid to fire safety. Fire guard of Russia went a difficult way in its formation and development. In the country reforms were repeatedly carried out that affected the guard’s organizational basis, the authority and departmental affiliation were repeatedly changed. Contractual subdivisions of the Federal Fire Service - one of the main components of fire guard - were created in the course of reforming subdivisions of the State Fire Fighting Service existing at large industrial enterprises of oil, gas, chemical and metallurgical industries, etc. Even today they represent highly organized forces. These enterprises include fire- and explosion hazardous production. Work on prevention and extinguishing fires in such enterprises requires qualified knowledge and skills. This can be done only by professionals. That's why at the time, paramilitary fire guard was established at large industrial enterprises of the national economy; now all these enterprises are in private ownership, but their Management understand the need for qualified specialists and keep at their own expense contractual units of fire guard. Contractual Fire Divisions are much better equipped with fire equipment than the Fire Departments maintained at the expense of the Federal budget (again, thanks to the owners of the enterprises). Maintaining the contractual units of the Federal Fire Service does not cost the state a dime. Moreover, the contractual units of the Federal Fire Service go for fire fighting, liquidation of accidents and emergencies in nearby communities - this is beneficial for the State! Aims and Objectives The aim is to analyze the state of fire guard on oil refining and petrochemical facilities. Objectives are to examine reforms in the national fire guard and their influence on fire safety on oil refining and petrochemical facilities. Conclusion Replacement of regular staff with contract workers resulted in resignation of a large part of specially trained professional staff. This caused a temporary shortage of managerial personnel and subordinated professional groups needed to conduct preventive activities on protected sites and, as a result, the control over preventive measures was weakened. The deteriorated state of fire safety, i.e., increased number of fires due to weakened control over preventive measures, brought to substantial material damage. In this regard, the study and analysis of the reformation and state of fire guard on the oil refining and petrochemical facilities is certainly an important and urgent task.