МОНИТОРИНГ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ СОИ В КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ КУРСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Abstract

Purpose: to identify the limiting agro-climatic resource of soybean yield in Kursk region, to assess the influence of the main weather factors on the crop yield formation. Materials and methods. Soybean cultivation monitoring in Kursk region climatic conditions was carried out according to statistical data on yield for 22 years (from 2000 to 2021) and related data on weather conditions of the region. For comparison, the statistical data for Russia were used. The materials were processed by the methods of descriptive and variational statistics, correlation and regression analysis. Results. It was found out that the soybean yield in Kursk increased by 2.2 times over 22 years (from 8.2 q/ha in 2000 to 17.9 q/ha in 2021). The soybean yield for this period in Kursk region amounted to 13.5 q/ha. For 22 years, soybean in Kursk region grew in optimal weather conditions in 45 % of cases (10 years), unfavorable and favorable weather conditions developed in 23 and 32 % of cases, respectively. It has been determined that the increase in soybean yield in Kursk region is due to an increase in the precipitation amount for the year and the precipitation amount at an air temperature of more than 10 °C, as well as a low value of the active temperatures amount. Regression analysis of soybean yield changes in Kursk region over 22 years revealed a linear relationship between the yield and the study year, precipitation at temperatures above 10 °C and hydrothermal coefficient. Conclusions: the limiting factors limiting high yields of soybeans in Kursk region were the precipitation amount during the growing season and the hydro-thermic coefficient.