Программный модуль оценки достижения радиологической эквивалентности (РОЗА-РАО)

Abstract

The main problem of the large-scale development of nuclear energy in the world is the safe dis-posal of accumulated radioactive waste (RW). The hazard of RW at the time of their formation to human health far exceeds the hazard of the source natural uranium ore, after the use of which these wastes were formed. Due to the natural processes of radioactive decay, the hazard of radi-oactive waste decreases over time. The hazard of waste can also be reduced by artificial trans-mutation or incineration of the radionuclides that make up RW composition. For uranium nuclear fuel cycles, the natural reference level of RW hazard is the hazard level of the uranium ore, upon reaching which decisions can be made on the final disposal of RW. The article presents a meth-od for estimating the time of achieving radiological equivalence of the mass of accumulated RW of nuclear energy and the source mass of natural uranium raw materials used in this case. A de-scription of the software module "Radiological support of protection – radioactive waste" (PM ROZA-RAO), which implements this method, is also presented. Radiological equivalence herein refers to the equality of the corresponding radiation risks for the population. The methodology used is determined by the current recommendations of the International Commission on Radio-logical Protection (ICRP) and the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) on the calculation of human radiation risks from internal exposure based on equivalent doses in organs and tissues. The determination of equivalent doses to organs and tissues was based on dose coefficients of radioactive substances provided for widespread use by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Calculations by means of the PM ROZA-RAO showed that within the framework of the most likely scenario for the development of two-component nuclear energy system in Russia, for radioactive waste accumulated by 2100, the time of onset of radiological equivalence is less than 100 years (98.8 years). With the help of the developed software module, for the first time in the nuclear industry, the parameters of the processing of exposed nuclear fuel (the composition and activity of radionuclides for controlled storage, combustion and transmutation) and the management of RW can be determined, minimizing the potential radiation risks of the population, which corresponds to the best practice of developed countries in the field of radiation protection.