Лингвокультурологические аспекты детского словотворчества

Abstract

The article presents the results of the empirical study of children’s word creation in the linguocultural aspect. Based on the analysis of diary records of the large family Matonins-Morozovs (O. Solovki, 1981–2001), the word formation methods and the features of the thinking of children at different ages are systematised, the conclusions about the patterns of the reflecting of vision of world in the speech are drawed. Lexical material has obtained as result of the observations on the speech development of the half-brothers and sisters: Valya (1981), Katya (1983), Masha (1982), Vitalik (1984), Alexandra (1986) and Nicholay (1993). The utterances of the friends with whom the brothers and sisters Matonins-Morozovs communicated are also used. The indivisibility of children’s consciousness and the inartificial ways of child self-expression makes us wonder on the complex connection of thoughts and language in the process of the personality development and formation. As a result of the study, the following speech features of childrenfrom two to five years are noted. The animistic and totemic worldview manifestations, characteristic of the tribal communities culture, are characterized to children’s speech.In particular, they are expressed in the symbolic perception of reality, in the animating of toys and everyday life objects.At this age children use such forms of the word creation as compounding, saving of linguistic resources, using of well-known lexical forms to create neologisms based on onomatopoeia or familiar function of a thing by analogy. The blending can be calledas a special phenomenon in children’s speech. It manifests itself at all language levels. Preschoolers at the age of five or six often formulate thoughts in the short, fantastic stories, parables or fairy tales form. This is the most comfortable form of their communication. It has the language game character.Jargon expressions, imitation of the adults, misuse of terminology and unfamiliar words appear and dominate in the youngsters’s speech.