ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ФІЗИЧНОГО НАСИЛЬСТВА, ТОРТУР ТА ЖОРСТОКОГО ПОВОДЖЕННЯ ПО ВІДНОШЕННЮ ДО ВІЙСЬКОВОПОЛОНЕНИХ

Abstract

Introduction. The military conflict which is being carried out in the east of Ukraine, brings forward new requirements to various aspects of the military’s life activity. Aspects of the troops capture by the opposing party become much more important. The questions of survival of the military in captivity in the course of contacts with people who escort soldiers after the capture, guards and local population when traveling on enemy territory in case of escape turn out to be of current interest. The vast majority of prisoners faced the conditions that they could not even imagine in their life environment before war (another level of living, restrictions, humiliation, bullying, violence, beatings, torture, etc.), which encourage them to strive to achieve a common goal - to survive. As a result of non-stop interrogations, constant beatings and abuse soldiers in captivity have changes in the nature of the physiological and psychological activity.In our opinion, the question of the application of torture to prisoners of war is very relevant, especially their impact on the psyche of soldiers and psychological consequences of staying in these conditions.Purpose: to identify the psychological features of torture against prisoners of war in the current military conflict. Methods: content analysis of online resources and interviews.Originality. The article presents data on the use of physical violence, torture and ill-treatment in relation to prisoners of war during the anti-terrorist operation in the East of Ukraine. The description of the circumstances, procedures and methods of getting a soldier into captivity is provided. The procedures that imitated the activities of the bodies of inquiry, investigation or judicial bodies in the occupied territories, namely, detention, interrogation, conviction, are considered. The article reviews the places of illegal detention of prisoners of war and identifies the possibility of using various types of torture, physical or psychological violence or other means of pressure in these conditions. The article analyzes the most common means of violent influence (beatings, simulated shooting, electric current, strangulation, public humiliation, etc.). The most common means of violence is beating: with hands, feet, rubber sticks, pieces of furniture, on various parts of the body. One person as well as and several people participated in the procedure of beating the prisoner. The data on application during interrogations an electric current as a torture, by means of the military telephone device is presented. The article presents data on the use of torture in the form of suppression using a plastic bag. Violent influence due to suppression was carried out until the person lost consciousness. This was repeated several times in a row. In addition to the above types of violence, other methods of influence were applied to the military servants who were in captivity in order to increase physical and psychological suffering (public humiliation, rape, threats against close people and family members, etc.). The article determines that one of the main purposes of the use of violent influence on persons who were in illegal isolation was to force them to participate in the shooting of staged videos according to a pre-prepared scenario.Conclusion. 1. Being a soldier in the psychological environment of "cultural trauma" leads to deformation of the personality of a prisoner, in some cases it can result in personal growth, in others it leads to regressive behaviors and degradation that could be considered as boundaries of this psychological environment.2. In a hybrid war capturing of soldiers has psychological characteristics depending on the type of unit that they are held captive at and has different purposes, for military units it is mainly the need to cease resistance of the enemy, and to demonstrate the strength, skill and intimidate the enemy, beatings of prisoners and depriving them of sleep and food was common among them, interrogations were carried out to prevent escape and induce cooperation. Professional mercenaries intend to intimidate the enemy and demonstrate the strength and skill, interrogations of professional mercenaries were characterized by brutal torture, violence and murders of prisoners of war. Exchanges and buyouts were typical for gangs. The characteristic feature of interrogation, conducted by the gang units, was abuse of prisoners for profit.3. In our opinion, the perspective direction of further scientific research is the study of methods of diagnosis and psychological work with trauma for each particular case (rape, amputation, castration, etc.).