АНАЛІЗ ПЕРСПЕКТИВ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ З ІНОЗЕМНИМИ ІНВЕСТИЦІЯМИ В УКРАЇНІ

Abstract

Formulation of the problem. The post-war recovery of Ukraine requires attracting foreign investment. Attracting foreign direct investments will make it possible to ensure capital investments, annual direct contributions to the economy, new jobs, exports, acquisition of new skills and technologies, innovativeness of economic sectors. The aim of the research is to analyze modern prospects for the development of the process of foreign investment and the functioning of enterprises with foreign investments in Ukraine. The оbject of the research is theoretical and practical approaches to the attraction of foreign investments and the functioning of enterprises with foreign investments in Ukraine. The methods of the research: logical method, method of comparison, methods of induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, system analysis, correlation analysis. The hypothesis of the research. The volume of foreign investment is directly proportional to the volume of GDP, expenditure on education and labor force and inversely proportional to the income inequality level and unemployment level. The statement of basic materials. Correlation coefficients between the volume of foreign investment and the factors affecting this volume have been determined, which will allow influencing specific key indicators that most stimulate the inflow of foreign investment. The mechanism for attracting foreign investments is presented, covering strategic, intermediate and current goals, a list of forms, methods, objects and tools of influence. The practical significance of the research. The practical implementation of the proposed measures will make it possible to intensify the attraction of foreign investments in Ukrainian enterprises. Conclusions and perspectives of further research. The problem of attracting investments into the economy of Ukraine is related to the lack of motivation to invest, insufficient accumulation of resources by the main groups of investors, a wide outflow of capital abroad, etc. Unfavorable investment climate caused by military actions, occupation of territories and destruction of infrastructure, migration of experienced specialists abroad, extremely unstable economic situation in the country, slowdown of economic reforms, high level of corporate taxation, instability of legislation, corruption, low purchasing power of the population, low predictability of junctures of commodity and raw material markets, significant price fluctuations; imperfection of ownership and shareholding relations, becomes the main obstacle in attracting investments. However, there are undoubtedly attractive factors for investing in Ukraine's economy, including the attractive geographical position determined by the country's location in the center of Europe at the crossroads of trade routes, the presence of an educated workforce, as Ukraine has a very high intellectual and professional level of manufacturers. Also, labor is cheap. Ukraine has favorable conditions for the introduction of high technologies, which is facilitated by the presence of performers with a high intellectual level. Also, relatively cheap raw materials and energy resources, which contributes to the low cost of manufactured goods. The obtained results showed a high dependence between the amount of FDI and the level of GDP in the country (correlation coefficient is 0.82), and a direct interdependence was revealed, which means that with the growth of GDP, the amount of foreign investment will increase, which is logical, because with the growth of GDP, the country is investment attractive for a foreign investor. The high correlation between the volume of foreign investment and the availability of labor in the country (correlation coefficient is 0.79) means that the availability of labor, including skilled labor, is extremely important for the investor (this is also evidenced by the interdependence between FDI and state spending on education in the country ), since the ease of hiring employees and their productivity depend on it.