Вплив атмосферних умов на радіолокаційне спостереження навігаційних об’єктів

Abstract

A theoretical study on the influence of homogeneous, turbulent environment and the environment with meteorological formations on the propagation of electromagnetic waves passing through these media during radar surveillance of navigational objects of the ship radar has been performed. The use of matrices of direct and reverse propagation leads to simplification of the synthesis of changes in the parameters of the electromagnetic wave, depending on the state of the environment in the remote receipt of information about the navigation object. It is shown that Muller’s dispersion matrix is complete description of dispersive properties of homogeneous atmosphere (having absent dramatic changes of inductivity), turbulent atmosphere (with the not looked after by sight dielectric heterogeneities appearing from the dramatic changes of inductivity) and atmosphere with a presence in her of different meteorological inclusions. The matrix of distribution of meteorological inclusions is presented by two constituents: determined and statistical ones. The determined constituent characterizes direct distribution of hertz wave through homogeneous meteorological inclusions, and a statistical constituent characterizes dispersive properties of particles of different meteorological inclusions. Both the matrix of direct distribution and matrix of reverse distribution of meteorological inclusions consist of two constituents: determined and statistical ones characterizing the process of distribution of hertz wave from aerial ship radar to the navigation object and from a navigation object to aerial. At presence of atmosphere of the dielectric heterogeneities, caused by turbulent processes as a result of dramatic change of temperature or humidity of air in the direction of distribution of the hertz waves radiated by aerial ship radar, the inductivity of turbulent atmosphere consists of sum of two constituents. One of constituents characterizes the mean value of inductivity in the radio-location volume of turbulent atmosphere, and other constituent characterizes her deviation from a mean value. These two constituents are the coefficients of matrix of distribution of turbulent atmosphere and determine the polarization state of hertz wave getting through a turbulent atmosphere.