식민지시대 대만인과 조선인의 역외이주 패턴과 그 함의

Abstract

My goal here is to contrast the different patterns of Taiwanese and Koreans’ migration and probe the historical causes. To achieve these ends, I will examine the scale of migration of Taiwanese and Koreans during the colonial period, and then characterize the patterns of two peoples’ migration by comparing job compositions of Taiwanese migrants with those of Korean migrants.BR Through a preliminary research of my own, I like to share my points of view as follows: Historians, especially economic historians have used a lot of estimated numbers[推計] for various purposes, and their approaches has helped a lot to solve some unexplained historical phenomenon. But at the same time, we can have more powerful evidences among real numbers which were not processed.BR For instance, average economic growth rate of colonial Korea is estimated at 2.30% per year and that of colonial Taiwan is estimated at 2.19% per year, but we cannot explain the causes of different migration types of the two colonies just with these numbers. I hope that the numbers I offered here to explain the different phenomenon of Taiwanese and Korean migration could be useful to understand economic phenomenon in colonial period more appropriately.BR Second, Many people have been interested in different attitudes toward Japan since 1945 of Taiwanese(pro-Japan) and Koreans(anti-Japan), and they have often said that the difference was mainly because the two societies experienced different historical paths since 1945. I agree only partially with them, because a society’s collective memory is partly “invented”, but it is also “inherited” from the past in a greater part, with the sources of the memory intact. Different attitudes toward colonial experiences might be the result of different colonial experiences on the whole.BR Finally, we have some general theories concerning colonial history, like theory of colonial modernization, dependency theory, etc. My research here revealed that existing grand theories cannot fully explain causes of different migration phenomenon of colonial Taiwan and Korea, I think. If my analysis here is agreeable, theory of colonial modernization should explain why colonial Korea witnessed huge scale, “subsistence type” migration unlike Taiwanese in spite of “modern and long-term economic growth” (if “modern economic growth” had occurred in colonial Korea according to the theory). And dependency theory should explain why absolute majority of Taiwanese continued to live in native places unlike Koreans in spite of “economic exploitation” and “underdevelopment” (if “economic exploitation” and “underdevelopment” had occurred in Taiwan according to the theory). For now, I don’t have some alternative analysis model, but at least we have to get out of obsessions with “structural uniformity,” and try to find a more convincing analysis model.