Використання інформаційних технологій в екології та процесах охорони навколишнього середовища

Abstract

The article presents the results of a study of existing software products that are the most popular and in demand in the processes of ecology and environmental protection. An overview of automated design tools for the field of ecology in Ukraine is given. An overview of the market of automated design tools for the field of ecology was conducted, and their characteristics were given. An overview of integrated management systems in ecology and environmental protection is presented. The application of information technologies in the processes of ecology and environmental protection is that natural resources are now under significant pressure due to industrialization, expansion of urban areas and other human activities. This leads to pollution of air, water and soil, destruction of ecosystems, loss of biodiversity and other negative consequences for the environment. The use of information technology can be a key tool in combating these problems. In the field of the use of information technologies in ecology and environmental protection, the significant potential of these technologies for solving various environmental problems is confirmed. Many software products used in the field of ecology are associated with the use of GIS (geographic information systems) [1], the first period of their development began in the 1950s and 1970s with active topographic surveys [2], which in the later 1980s prompted the arrival of government customers to create commercial products using databases. Some key aspects that stand out from these studies include: 1. Monitoring of the state of the environment: Application of modern information technologies: satellite imaging; collection of environmental parameters; registration sensors; the accumulation of observation data and their analysis allows to get an idea, mostly expressed in quantitative estimates, about the state of air, water and soil pollution, as well as about changes or their trends in landscapes and biocenosis. This allows you to effectively identify problem areas and respond to environmental threats in a timely manner. 2. Forecasting environmental events: The use of analytical methods and algorithms of artificial intelligence makes it possible to predict the development of environmental crises, such as natural disasters, climate change, and the destruction of ecosystems. It helps to develop strategies to prevent and minimize negative impact on the environment. 3. Resource and waste management: Information technology is used to optimize the use of natural resources, as well as for efficient waste management and renewable energy sources. This helps to conserve resources and reduce the negative impact on the environment. 4. Public participation and education: Information technologies allow raising public awareness of environmental problems, facilitating the dissemination of information and stimulating active public participation in environmental protection programs. 5. Innovative solutions: The latest technologies, such as blockchain, the Internet of Things (IoT), as well as developments in the field of bioinformatics and nanotechnology, open up new opportunities for solving complex environmental problems and ensuring sustainable development.