ЭТАПЫ И АРХИТЕКТУРНЫЕ СТИЛИ В ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИИ И СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВЕ ОБОЛОЧЕК И ОБОЛОЧЕЧНЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ

Abstract

In a paper, architectural styles, constructive solutions, information on the history of appearance of structural building materials are briefly set forth and the stages of passion of thin-walled space large-span erections are analyzed. Particular attention is given to establishment of the exact dates in the chronology of appearance of styles, constructive solutions, and in the dates of erection of the first shells of corresponding styles and their authors. Elicit reasons of destructions of some well-known space structures are described and the influence of these destructions and damages for the subsequent designing and building of analogous type is analyzed. It is adduced, in general, positive views of noted architects on the role of shell structures in industrial, public, and civil building at present time. On the basis of the manuscripts published in specialized editions, varieties of points of view of architects to designing space structures are characterized. It was shown that interest of designers and architects in designing of shells in the form of analytically non-given surfaces, polyhedrons, and hipped plate structures is intensively extending. At present, bar metal architecture obtained subsequent development and came to be competitor for reinforcement concrete. In the XXI century, steel net and structural shells are the main means of forming vanguard buildings. Now, architects and structural engineers have wide potential in the selection of form, building material, methods of strength analysis, constructive solutions, styles, and examples of application of large-span thin-walled shell structures. All conclusions of the present work are corroborated by the results of researches containing in 54 references.