Ενεργός τεκτονική της ΝΑ Στερεάς Ελλάδας

Abstract

The study area is located in the easternmost sector of the Gulf of Corinth, the Beotia area in SE Central Greece, which is an area with active normal faults located between two major rift structures of Central Greece, the Gulf of Corinth and the South Gulf of Evia. The Gulf of Corinth is an active rift with high rates of uplift and high seismicity, on the contrary the South Gulf of Evia is an area with low rates of uplift, compared with the Gulf of Corinth, moderate seismicity but with strong seismic events. The research is focused on four fault zones, which are described from west to east: the Neochori-Leontari, the Livadostras-Kaparelli, the Erithres-Dafnes and the Kallithea-Asopia fault zones with lengths from ~18 km to ~27 km. Each one of the fault zones consist from a number of discrete main faults with lengths ranging from ~7 to ~15 km. The purpose of this study is to analyze the drainage pattern and landscape evolution in order to evaluate the tectonic activity and the fault growth within the actively deformed easternmost sector of the Gulf of Corinth. In order to achieve this aim, a variety of morphotectonic parameters is used additionally with detailed mapping of faults to refine geometry and evolution of fault systems in the study area. In addition, we used G.I.S. techniques to estimate the morphotectonic parameters. In addition, three palaeoseismological trenches were excavated across the Kaparelli fault scarp, in order to understand the seismic history of the Kaparelli normal fault that ruptured during the March 1981 Gulf of Corinth earthquakes. All faults or fault zones analyzed in this study control a basin and range topography accommodating the current extension in the South Sterea Hellas region. These faults follow two trends: ENE to NE and WNW to E-W. The former fault system prevails in western Greece, with Rio Graben as a typical structure controlled by these faults. In eastern Peloponnese and south Sterea Hellas this fault system appears to be weaker. The Livadostras, Neochori and Dafnes faults belong to this fault trend. The WNW to E-W trending faults control a series of typical grabens, like the Gulf of Corinth, Tithorea, Sperchios-Atalanti as well as the Thiva graben. The Kaparelli, Leontari, Tanagra, Kallithea, Asopia, Kirikion and Erithres faults belong to this fault trend. All mentioned faults are organized in fault zones. It is also commonly observed that faults belonging to the two fault trends show a physical or mechanical linkage and thus in the same fault zone both fault trends are included. The results of this study shows that vertical motions and tilting associated with normal faulting influence the drainage geometry and its development. Values of stream-gradient indices (SL) are relatively high close to the fault traces of the studied fault zones suggesting high activity. Mountain-front sinuosity (Smf) mean values along the fault zones ranges from 1.08 to 1.26. Valley floor width to valley height ratios (Vf) mean values along the studied fault zones range between 0.5 and 1.6. Drainage basin shape (BS) mean values along the fault zones range from 1.87 to 3.54. Drainage density (Dd) mean values along the studied fault zones range from 1.56 to 5.65. All these morphotectonic parameters and geomorphological data suggest that the analyzed normal faults are highly active. Although fault zones controlling the Thiva Basin show lateral growth both westwards and eastwards, in several cases the tendency for eastward lateral growth is more predominant. The analyzed trenches expose evidence of at least three events, for the past 10,000 years, with the 1981 event included. Displacements per event on different fault segments within the trenches vary between 0.7 and 1 m. Average vertical displacements associated with interpreted paleoearthquakes at the trench site are in the order of 2.7 m. Average slip rates derived from the trenches is in the order of c. 0,3 mm/yr.