Abstract
Significance. The problems of public health deterioration are of great importance for the state socio-economic potential. The most vulnerable group is the child population in the first years of life, especially during the neonatal period. Accordingly, effects of the birth weight deviation on the child health are a focus of high research interest. Purpose. To assess the body weight of born alive newborns, and identify effects of the deviation of body weight at birth on the child health in the Northwestern Federal District. Material and methods. Based on official statistics for 2017-2021, distribution of children by birth weight, neonatal morbidity rates in Russia, the Northwestern Federal District as a whole and its regions in dynamics have been analyzed. A nonparametric Spearman rank-order correlation method was used to assess effects of the baby weight at birth on the newborn health. Statistical data processing was carried out using MS Office-2016 and StatSoft-Statistica 10.0 software packages. Results. The Northwestern Federal District is characterized by a higher, in comparison with the Russian Federation, share of children with a birth weight of more than 4000 g (11.33% vs. 10.12%; p<0.05) and less than 2500 g (6.15% vs. 6.05%; p<0.05). In the Federal district, there is a negative growth dynamic in the share of newborns with high body weight and low birthweight of less than 1500 g. The average District neonatal morbidity rate significantly exceeds the national average (413.8‰ vs. 315.5‰; p<0.05), and tends to increase due to the increased neonatal morbidity in almost all regions of the Federal district. The correlation analysis has identified a direct strong relationship between the number of children born sick and got ill, and the number of babies with low and high weight at birth (rxy=0.83-0.99). Conclusion. The increased number of underweight babies and newborns born with a body weight of 4000 g or more is a regional risk factor for a high incidence rate in the District regions.
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