رابطه علم و فرهنگ، زیرساخت نظری تمدن اسلامی

Abstract

Positivist definitions of science defined the relationship between culture and science as an external relationship and consider science free from cultural influences, but numerous studies and reflections on sociology and philosophy of science indicate the effective presence of culture in the content of science, even in technical sciences. Accepting such an effect, postmodern paradigms consider science to be essentially a cultural category and somehow describe the relationship between science and culture, which leads to absolute epistemic relativity and the inevitable production of science under culture. The present article has shown that according to both paradigms, trying to achieve religious knowledge as a tool for building Islamic civilization is absured. On the other hand, some schools of thought consider the attainment of religious knowledge to be dependent on the realization of the Islamic world and society, and consider the attainment of religious knowledge as a means of realization of Islamic civilization impossible due to the domination of modernity. But according to the philosophy of the provincial system, first, the effect of culture on science is accepted contrary to the positive view, and contrary to the postmodern paradigm, it has the criterion of distinguishing the culture of truth from falsehood; Accordingly, the production of science is a historical process and a social matter that finds different content under the systems of historical social province. In such a context, religious (Islamic) sciences can be considered as sciences that have been formed under the influence of Islamic culture and move society from the current situation to the desired situation (which is more Islamic) and lead to the realization of Islamic civilization. With such a definition, the question arises as to how a science that has itself been formed to some extent under the influence of eclectic social culture can make its governing environment more Islamic? And what is the mechanism of the effect of science on social culture? The present article, with the method of documentation and logical reasoning and in the framework of the philosophy of the provincial system, comparatively examines the common paradigms in the field of science and culture and finally provides a process explanation of how these two influence and take effect.