Модели семантической деривации в классе предикатов сожаления и раскаяния

Abstract

The article continues a series of works devoted to the study of naming of emotions in language. The term semantic derivation is used for semantic derivatives that links the different meanings of the same word at the level of synchronous polysemy, and for the relations between meanings of word in different moments of its history. The predicates denoting the regret and remorse in different languages are the subject of the study. Methods of nominating the categories of regret and remorse are studied, which can be traced in the internal form of words, synchronous polysemy and phraseology. The study is based on a large corpus of explanatory and etymological dictionaries. The description is constructed using the inventory of semantic transitions. The compilation of the inventory of semantic transitions is an urgent task for semantic typology. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the study of inner forms of the word is one of the ways of studying the linguistic picture of the world because the inner form reflects the method of concept construction. Interest in diachronic studies of lexical semantics is also determined by the aims of constructing the explanatory models of language. Data obtained in the study of naming of emotions of regret and remorse can also be used in the preparation of the “Catalogue of semantic transitions,” which is currently being developed by Russian linguists.