喀斯特石漠化区生态保护红线划定——以贵州省威宁县为例

Abstract

科学划定喀斯特石漠化区生态保护红线，对于维护区域生态安全，促进经济社会可持续发展具有重要意义。选择水源涵养、水土保持、生物多样性维护3种生态系统服务功能以及水土流失、石漠化2种生态环境敏感性指标，构建喀斯特石漠化区生态保护红线划定方法。以贵州省威宁县为例，结合第二次全国土地调查数据和相关规划等数据，划定生态保护红线，并从生态用地、植被覆盖度与人类扰动指数三个方面评价划定效果。结果表明：（1）威宁县生态系统综合服务功能以极重要为主，占研究区总面积的40.57%。生态环境综合敏感性以敏感为主，占总面积的67.86%。优化调整后生态保护红线面积1496.13 km²，占全县面积的23.75%，红线内生态用地面积占比高于非生态用地面积占比20%以上。（2）近些年贵州省退耕还林、岩溶地区石漠化综合治理和草海自然保护区生态修复等工程的实施，威宁县植被覆盖显著增加，红线内NDVI基本不变区、轻微改善区和明显改善区面积占比达到88.42%，红线范围内植被覆盖呈增加趋势。（3）红线内人类扰动指数低于红线外人类扰动指数，雪山镇、麻乍镇需控制红线范围内人类扰动，确保生态用地性质不改变，加强生态保护和监管。威宁县生态保护红线划定研究可为其他石漠化地区红线划定及划定效果评价提供参考。;It's of great significance to scientifically delineate the ecological conservation redline (ECR) in karst rocky desertification areas for maintaining regionally ecological security, promoting sustainable economic and social development. Three kinds of ecosystem services such as water retention, soil conservation, and biodiversity conservation, as well as two kinds of ecological environment sensitivity indicators (soil loss and rocky desertification) were selected to construct an ECR delineation method for karst rocky desertification areas. Taking the karst rocky desertification area in Weining County of Guizhou Province as an example, combined with the Second National Land Survey data and related planning data, ECR was delineated. We analyzed the evaluation effect from three aspects:ecological land use, vegetation coverage and anthropogenic disturbance index (ADL). Results showed that the comprehensive ecosystem service function was extremely important, accounting for 40.57% of the research area. The comprehensive sensitivity level indicated that the ecological environment was sensitive, accounting for 67.86%. Finally, the area of optimized ECR in Weining County was determined to be 1496.13 km², accounting for 23.75%. The proportion of ecological land in the ECR is 20% higher than that of non-ecological land. In recent years, the implementation of the project of Grain for Green in Guizhou Province, the comprehensive control project of rocky desertification in the karst area of Weining County and the ecological restoration project in Caohai Nature Reserve, vegetation coverage increased significantly. The proportion of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) basic constant zone, slightly improved zone and obviously improved zone in the ECR reached 88.42%. It showed that the vegetation coverage is increasing in the ECR. The ADI in the ECR was much lower than the ADI outside the ECR. Xueshan Town and Mazha Town of Weining County need to control the ADI in the ECR, ensure that the property of ecological land within the ECR does not change, and strengthen ecological protection and supervision. The delineation of the ECR in Weining County can provide reference for the delineation and evaluation of the ECR in other rocky desertification areas.