基于空间演变多元分析的市域生态空间优化研究——以宁波市为例

Abstract

市域生态空间是城乡发展的绿色基底和生态基础，其协同联系"山水林田湖草"各生态系统，是动植物和自然生态多种过程的空间载体，同时也是人类进行社会经济活动的场所，与城乡经济社会发展息息相关，良好的市域生态空间体系，是实现市域层面生态系统稳定，协调城市发展和自然保护的重要载体，同时也是实现城市健康良性发展的重要保障。现有的市域生态空间规划重视不够，其静态的、定性为主的规划方法严重滞后，存在一系列不足与缺陷：1）重城区，轻市域；2）重主观定性，轻客观定量；3）重被动落实，轻主动响应；4）重静态蓝图，轻动态模拟。其空间规划成果远不能达到预期，无法应对城市化对市域生态环境和资源所带来的影响和威胁。以宁波市域空间为对象，以市域生态空间演变为出发点，从生态空间的安全格局、结构特征和用地类型转移3个方面，通过对2000年、2010年和2018年3个时期的市域空间演变的定量化分析，揭示市域生态空间演变的特征与规律。并以此为基础探索新型市域生态空间重构的方法和内容，提出空间优化的策略：针对安全格局层面生态适宜性衰退、结构层面连通度下降、地类层面绿色空间减少的问题等，通过确定生态核心，构建绿色空间廊道，筛选关键节点，对其分别进行分级、保护，最终重新构建起良性的宁波市域生态空间体系，并针对优化结果进行评价与修正。从市域生态空间3种类型演变分析入手，以"演变-响应-重构"为逻辑指导市域生态空间规划，积极探索了应对城市化影响下市域生态空间优化的新方法，为市域山水林田湖草生命综合体的资源保护和科学利用提供了一定的理论。;Urban ecological space is the green base and ecological foundation of urban and rural development, which is synergistically linked to the ecosystems of landscape, water, forest, field, lake and grass, and is the spatial carrier of various processes of flora and fauna and natural ecology, as well as the place for human socio-economic activities, and is closely related to urban and rural economic and social development. A good urban ecological space system is an important carrier to realize the stability of the ecosystem at the municipal level, to coordinate urban development and nature protection, and also an important guarantee to realize the healthy and benign development of the city. The existing municipal ecological spatial planning does not pay enough attention to its static, qualitative-oriented planning methods, which are seriously lagging behind, with a series of deficiencies and defects:1) emphasis on urban areas rather than municipalities; 2) emphasis on subjective qualitative rather than objective quantitative; 3) emphasis on passive implementation rather than active response; 4) emphasis on static blueprints rather than dynamic simulations. Its spatial planning results are far from meeting expectations and cannot cope with the impacts and threats brought by urbanization on the ecological environment and resources of the urban area. This paper selects Ningbo urban space as the object, takes the evolution of urban ecological space as the starting point, and reveals the characteristics and laws of the evolution of urban ecological space from three aspects:security pattern, structural characteristics and land use type transfer of ecological space, through the quantitative analysis of the evolution of urban space in 2000, 2010 and 2018. Based on this, we explore the methods and contents of the new municipal ecological space reconstruction and propose strategies for spatial optimization:to address the problems of declining ecological suitability at the security pattern level, declining connectivity at the structural level, and decreasing green space at the land type level, etc., by identifying ecological cores, organizing green space corridors, screening key nodes, grading and protecting them respectively, and finally reconstructing a benign Ningbo municipal ecological Spatial system of Ningbo city is reconstructed, and the optimization results are evaluated and revised. This study starts from the analysis of the evolution of three types of urban ecological space, and uses the logic of evolution-response-reconstruction to guide the urban ecological space planning, and actively explores a new method for optimizing the urban ecological space under the influence of urbanization, which provides a certain theory for the protection and scientific utilization of resources in the urban landscape, forest, field, lake and grass life complex.