일본 메이지유신(明治維新) 이전의 지적조사(地籍調査)에 대한 고찰

Abstract

The purpose of the study to understand the cadastral survey and ownership management of land prior to the Meiji period. The temporal scope of this study is limited to the Nara period from 710 to 1868. A cadastral investigation is a survey conducted mainly by municipalities to survey the land owner, parcel number, and purpose of land use and to measure the location and area of ​​the boundary for each parcel. However, there was no term for cadastral research at that time, but the same applies in terms of content. As a result of the study, manors and land subject to public authority in the late Heian period are divided into two types: manors, which are private lands controlled by aristocrats or temples, and public domains, which are controlled by public officials dispatched from the state. The manor and public land in the Kamakura period are changed by the invasion of the manor and public land by Jidu. And in the Muromachi period, the power of the nobles and monks who ruled the manor and the government officials dispatched from the state, who ruled the territories, weakened, and disputes over land became more and more complicated. In Taehap Geomji, first, the person who cultivates the farmland became the owner of the land. Second, the people had to pay taxes according to the amount of agricultural production. Third, samurai and peasants were completely separated, and farmers were only obligated to pay taxes as ownership of farmland was recognized. After such a cadastral survey of Taehap, it is suggested that the development of small agriculture and the increase in agricultural productivity in Japan served as a great foundation for a smooth transition from medieval feudal society to modern society.