ДЖЕРЕЛА, ВИТОКИ ТА ПЕРШООСНОВА ЯВИЩА ПАТРІОТИЗМУ

Abstract

The phenomenon of patriotism accompanies the development of mankind from ancient times to the present. The content of the phenomenon is unchanged throughout this time, only the form and its manifestations changed. According to the author, the phenomenon of patriotism in the active aspect of its consideration is inextricably linked with the sacrifice of personal for the sake of the society, with the specific behavior of the bearer of patriotic feelings. In order to achieve the goal of the study, it is necessary to analyze the complex of historical conditions of social, political, economic and religious nature of the period of time that is investigated and compared with another. It is also necessary to analyze changes in the social structure of society.Reference literature defines patriotism as a socio-historical phenomenon whose elements arose even during the time of the primitive communal system as a form of awareness of tribal relationships, ordinances, and customs. The organization of humanity in those days was tribal: genus, tribe, tribal alliance; the main element was genus. It was such a system that at that time provided the reproduction and progress of mankind, so at that time, patriotic feelings were to a genus and tribe. The transition from nomadic to sedentary lifestyles provided for the emergence of territorial patriotism.State patriotism in the modern sense has appeared in ancient Greece. This became possible when the civil status of the individual became more than family ties, when the state provided survival, meeting the needs of its citizens and reproduction, rather than a separate genus. The first mention of national patriotism is associated with Joan of Arc during the Centenary War: to be independent of Foreigners in their land and to have your own sovereign ruler. From a historical point of view, the issue was the further existence and development of the French nation as such.A vivid example of the existence of another direction of patriotism is the events of the Revolution of Dignity in Ukraine. These events were neither manifestations of state or national patriotism in its pure form. At the end of 2013 there was no direct threat to the existence of either the state of Ukraine or the existence of the Ukrainian nation in the short term, but there were all the most significant signs of the phenomenon of patriotism. It was a manifestation of the people’s vision of the direction of the development of Ukrainian society in a civilized dimension, a direct response to the threat of the not true implementation of the already formed need for self-identification. These were manifestations of the new direction of this phenomenon - ideological patriotism.According to the author, patriotism has its origins and the basic principle in the quest for every living creature to the reproduction. It is inextricably linked with the struggle for survival of one’s own and his offspring, with the protection and expansion of the living environment created and self-identification. Historical experience of the development of the phenomenon of patriotism indicates that the objects of patriotism have always been precisely the environment that provided this reproduction. The dominance of this or that object of patriotism during the historical process is connected only with the development of mankind in the social and individual dimensions. The object that was most critical at this time was the dominant object to meet life’s needs, in the extreme dimension - in order to survive, for the majority of the population of a certain territory. All objects of patriotic feelings satisfy the critical needs of the subject, but the more critical the need now is, the more patriotic feelings toward this object are now.