旅游干扰下流域多尺度景观格局演化特征及驱动因素——以新安江流域为例

Abstract

流域景观是旅游活动的核心吸引物之一，亦是探究旅游干扰对大尺度生态环境影响极具操作性的研究对象。基于Landsat系列遥感影像，以新安江流域为案例地，按照"流域-旅游热点区-景区"逐级递进的研究尺度，深入剖析旅游干扰背景下的流域景观格局演化过程，并借助格网和地理探测器等方法测度旅游干扰背景下的流域景观格局驱动因素，结果表明：（1）新安江流域以林地景观为主，整体景观格局受人为干扰程度逐年加剧，景观异质性提升，景观结构趋于均衡发展；（2）新安江流域高强度的旅游活动未加剧旅游热点区内的景观格局恶化趋势，但致使景区景观破碎化加剧，林地等优势景观的优势度和完整性降低，景观多样性提升；（3）新安江流域景观格局主要受河湖、城市、景区等干扰源影响，地形地貌是景观格局演化的核心驱动维度，而气候、工业发展水平和交通等维度对流域景观格局整体影响力较小；（4）旅游维度中的距高级别景区距离因子对景观格局作用显著，但接待旅游人数和旅游直接收入对景观格局解释力较低，旅游对流域景观格局的干扰具有尺度局限效应。;Basin landscape is one of the core attractions of tourism activities, and it is also a highly operable research object to explore the impact of tourism disturbances on the large-scale ecological environment. Based on the Landsat series of remote sensing images, taking the Xin'an River Basin as a case study, in-depth analysis of the evolution process of the river basin landscape pattern under the background of tourism disturbances in the logical order from the basin to the scenic area, and measure the driving factors of the basin landscape pattern with the help of grids and Geodetector. The results show that:(1) the forest landscape is dominant in the Xin'an River Basin, the landscape index of grassland fluctuates the most, and the agglomeration and contiguous development trend of construction land is the most significant. The overall landscape pattern is intensified by human disturbance, the landscape diversity is improved, and the landscape structure tends to develop in a balanced manner. (2) Compared with general areas, tourism hotspots are more subject to human disturbance, and the landscape is more fragmented and diverse. However, from the perspective of change trends, the deterioration of the landscape pattern of tourism hotspots is weaker than that of general areas, and tourism activities have not aggravated the deteriorating trend of river basin landscape patterns. The high-intensity tourism development and construction activities in the scenic area will aggravate the fragmentation of the scenic area, reduce the superiority and integrity of the dominant landscape, and increase the diversity of the scenic area. (3) From the factor level, the landscape pattern of the Xin'an River Basin is mainly affected by disturbance sources such as rivers, cities, and scenic spots. Indicators such as elevation and slope are also the core driving forces driving the evolution of the landscape pattern of the Xin'an River Basin. From the dimension level, topography is the core driving dimension of the landscape pattern evolution, while the dimensions of climate, industrial development level, and transportation have little influence on the overall landscape pattern. (4) The high-level scenic factors in the tourism dimension have a significant effect on the landscape pattern, but the number of tourists and tourism income have a low explanatory power on the landscape pattern. The tourism dimension did not play a leading role in the evolution of the overall landscape pattern of the Xin'an River Basin, and the interference of tourism on the landscape pattern of the river basin had a scale-limited effect.