СОЦІОКУЛЬТУРНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ І ЛЮДСЬКИЙ КАПІТАЛ В МОДЕЛЯХ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ЗРОСТАННЯ

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to analyze the models of economic growth proposed by scientists and study the feasibility of including socio-cultural potential and human capital in them. In the process of conducting scientific research, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and generalization, as well as modeling were used. The work analyzes the evolution of scientific approaches to modeling economic growth, the formation of a new system of determinants of economic development, in particular, socio-cultural potential and human capital. Emphasis is placed on three main conceptual approaches to modeling the process of economic growth, namely historical-sociological, neo-Keynesian, and neoclassical. If the first of these approaches is characterized by an understanding of growth in the broad sense of the word, the other two – in a narrow sense. It is indicated that the majority of scientists devoted their scientific works to the presentation of the results of scientific research on economic growth in the narrow sense of this word. These scientists proposed models based on Keynes’s J. theory of economic equilibrium. Emphasis is placed on the growing role of education and the level of development of human capital in the economic growth of countries, which prompted scientists to expand the concept of "capital" in the model of the Cobb-Douglas production function, in which they began to include human capital, together with production capital, in the formation, accumulation and development in which considerable attention is paid to the education of the employee, as well as factors such as the rule of law, the level of economic freedom, political stability, quality of infrastructure, etc. Such models of economic growth were first proposed by Robert Lucas. In addition to him, models of economic growth taking into account human capital were developed by Romer P., Aghion P. and Howitt P., Velfe V. and others. It was noted that religion, mainly through the spread and support of religious faith, affects economic activity, and that, accordingly, determines the formation of such personal characteristics and characteristics as a tendency to save, trust, honesty, and work ethics. It has been established that if it is desired to "line" the process of participation of various factors in economic growth in a certain way, it is advisable to include the socio-cultural potential in the production function model. However, with this approach, the fact of interaction and mutual influence between traditional factors of growth with the indirect participation of socio-cultural potential is excluded from the scope of analysis. It is argued that the most productive consideration is not the direct, but the indirect influence of socio-cultural capital on economic growth.