Три средневековых клинка из коллекции национального музея Республики Бурятия

Abstract

The article considers three swords (a sword, fragments of a broadsword and a saber) found in the territory of the Ivolginsky, Mukhorshibirsky and Eravninsky districts of the Republic of Buryatia. All weapons belong to the category of random finds. Descriptions and detailed representation of blades are given. The authors attempted to establish dating and ethno-cultural attribution of these items of long-blade weapons. On the basis of the typological analysis, the swords are dated as follows: the sword - a period of late antiquity - by the early Middle Ages 1st - 6th centuries AD; Broadsword - the end of the early -the beginning of the developed Middle Ages 8th -11th centuries; Saber - the period of the developed Middle Ages - Mongolian time of the 12th - 14th centuries. At the place of detection, these armaments are associated with the nomadic population of Transbaikalia. Due to the rarity of the finds of medieval blade weapons in Transbaikalia and the presence of a significant number of analogies in the territories of Southern and Western Siberia, Kazakhstan and Mongolia, the sword, broadsword and saber were most likely imported. The question of the production of blade arms in the Transbaikalia at the moment remains open. The considered items of armament indicate common tendencies in the development of military affairs and armament of the nomadic peoples of Pribaikalye, Mongolia and Southern Siberia. Despite the fact that the blades are unique for the territory of Buryatia, they point to the cultural ties of Western Transbaikalia with neighboring regions.