ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ПРОБЛЕМИ ВИХОВАННЯ САМОСТІЙНОСТІ У ДІТЕЙ ДОШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ

Abstract

The article deals with theoretical analysis of scientific achievements on the problem of preschool children’s independence education. Children's independence is becoming the subject of increased attention for scientists, teachers and educators. Today, people who are active, focused, quick-minded, able to think creatively are highly demanded in professional activity. Therefore, modern education faces the problem of children's independence, initiative, activity formation and development. The article has revealed the essence of "independence" concept. Generalized approaches to the understanding and interpretation of independence by the famous researcher O. Udina have been presented by the author. The peculiarities of defining the concept of "preschool children independence" have been considered on the basis of teachers and psychologists’ views on this problem. The relevance of the topic has been substantiated. The variety of approaches to the independence genesis has been highlighted. The author has emphasized the fact that each age stage is characterized by quantitative and qualitative changes in the formation of independence. The scientists’ views on the impact of preschool children certain activities on the independence emergence and development have been summarized. Based on the analysis of psychological and pedagogical research, independence is characterized as a basic personality quality and as a characteristic of the activity mode, its structure, components. The reasons for the lag in the development of independence have been indicated. The article emphasizes that preschool childhood is the most favorable age for upbringing. The stages and components of independence formation in junior and senior preschool age have been named, psychological and pedagogical conditions for its formation have been defined. The paper outlines the issues that require further research on the problem of independence in preschool children. Key words : independence, preschool children independence, personality quality, activity, preschool age, structure of independence, age crises.