АРХИТЕКТУРА АВТОНОМНЫХ (БЕСПИЛОТНЫХ) АВТОМОБИЛЕЙ И ИНФРАСТРУКТУРА ДЛЯ ИХ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ

Abstract

The article is devoted to the architecture of autonomous (unmanned) vehicles, as well as the infrastructure for their operation. Automated vehicles have great potential to transform our lives, create smart cities and ensure efficiency in transporting people and goods. However, potential harm may be much greater than historical data errors associated with mobile devices, laptops, workstations, or cloud technologies. The term CAV (Connected Autonomous Vehicles) is used in this work. The paper considers the main physical ecosystem of a typical autonomous vehicle, which includes the global positioning system (GPS), LIDARs, cameras, ultrasonic and radar sensors, and dedicated communication receivers. Of course, individual physical devices and raw information cannot be controlled while in motion, therefore, CAV needs a computer system that should be capable to interact with the outside world with a very low latency. The paper examines the levels of CAV development and shows that it replaces CAV from the organs of human perception of the world in the process of driving. It also provides a comparative analysis of strengths and weaknesses in various aspects of the distribution function between people and hardware-software systems, as well as an assessment of the performance of sensors during movement with respect to the human eye. The process of finding the optimality of this interaction is discussed. In this case, CAV will depend not only on the physical but also on the digital infrastructure. It is imperative that we begin to understand the necessary changes in infrastructure planning and design. For example, vehicles will interact and exchange data with each other, as well as exchange data with infrastructure, such as traffic lights and pedestrian signs. For this exchange to be reliable, we must fully take into account both the necessary data and their transfer.