Очистка сточных вод горнодобывающих предприятий Узбекистана с применением высших водных растений

Abstract

Mining enterprises have an intense impact on the environment, and leads to its change. The sources of pollution of the most water bodies are discharged, insufficiently treated waste water from the industrial enterprises, large complexes and production waste from the development of ore minerals and mining enterprises. In the study, the general characteristics of the water in the tailings of the Central Mine Administration of GMZ-2 and the Northern Mine Administration of GMZ-3 of Mining and Metallurgical Plant were considered. For the experiment, waste water was selected from the filtrate of the CHEMIKS GMZ-3 tailings, where the dry residue is 8.1 g/l, and the water from the GMZ-3 tailing facility, where the dry residue is 8.7 g/l. The physical properties and chemical composition of GMZ-3 waste water are considered. From the results obtained, it can be seen that the waste water is heavily polluted. Based on the results obtained, the experiments were carried out with eichornia, which is the most resistant to wastewater. This plant has filtration properties, sorption, absorption and accumulation of heavy metals, reduces the concentration of chemical compounds. To study the quality of water purification from heavy metals by water hyacinth plants, water withdrawn from the tailing pond № 2 at GMZ-2, tailing pond GMZ-3 was used as a nutrient substrate. Planting was carried out on the basis of: one adult plant per liter of treated water, the water surface coverage was 75 %. Model systems were illuminated with incandescent lamps (3500 lux) at 12-hour daylight hours. The water temperature in the experiments was 22–24 °С, ambient air 24–26 °С. During the experiments, the following analyzes were carried out: water samples purified with eichornia, as well as the green mass of plants at the end of the experiments. Analysis of the content of heavy metals in the samples was carried out by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Elemental analysis of the aqueous medium was carried out by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) on an Agilent 7500a quadrupole mass spectrometer (Agilent Technologies, USA). From the results of the experiments, it was identified that with the help of eichornia it is possible to achieve purification of more than 50 % within 10 days of 100 % wastewaters from GMZ-3, the purification efficiency can be increased to the maximum allowable concentrations of technical water in the spring and summer seasons of the year.