Заселеність посівів буряків цукрових шкідливою ентомофауною та прогноз її шкідливості у новому сезоні

Abstract

Purpose. To generalize and analyze the data provided by state phytosanitary inspections of the Department of Phytosanitary Safety of the State Veterinary Service of Ukraine on the dynamics of development of the main pests in sugar beet stands in Ukraine in 2018 and to forecast their appearance and possible damage in the current year. Methods. Field, accounting, analytical. Results. In 2019, sugar beet crops may be damaged by beetroot weevil, grey beetroot weevil, beet stalk borer, beet flea, beet leaf miner, beetroot aphids and other pests. According to the results of autumn field monitoring, 77% of beet areas was colonized by beetroot beetle with an average number per 1m2 of 1.0 (beetles, pupae) with the maximum number of 2–27 in Poltava, Kyiv, Sumy and Chernihiv regions. During the autumn excavations, the beetles in the population were 76%, pupae 17% and larvae 7%. In respect to grey beetroot weevil, it made the greatest damage to sugar beet crops in Kyiv, Cherkasy, Sumy, Poltava and other regions, where it colonized 22–100% of stands with an average number of 0.1–1.0 with a maximum of 1.5–4.0. It damaged, on average, 1–2% of stands with the maximum of 3–5%. Autumn monitoring of the pest found a significant number of the pest in all beetroot regions with an average number of 0.6 with the maximum of 0.7–4.0. In addition, autumn monitoring revealed a significant number of beet stalk borer (average 0.5, maximum 2.0 specimens) in farms of Kharkiv and Poltava regions. Beet tortoise beetles were detected on 14–100% of the monitored area with an average number of 0.2–0.6, which is lower than in long-term observations. In the majority of areas, goosefoot tortoise beetles dominated (23–100%). On average, the ratio was 55% of goosefoot and 45% of beet root tortoise beetles. The wintering stock of beet beetle was slightly lower than in the last yearand amounted to an average of 8–14, with the maximum in Vinnitsa, Rivne, Khmelnytskyi regions (20–42) and Vinnytsia region (80–110). Autumn inspections of host plants (red bilberry, snowball tree, jasmine) revealed 9–30, maximum 125 wintering eggs of leaf aphids per 1 meter of a branch. The wintering stock of beet leaf miner was 0.2–1.0, somewhere2–4 (in Khmelnytskyi, Lviv and Ternopil regions), which is at the level of the last year’s numbers. Conclusions. The wintering stock of harmful sugar beet insects exceeds the generally accepted economic thresholds for harmfulness (EPPS). The timely prognosis of the development and reproduction of sugar beet pests and the application of a complex of organizational, economic, biological and chemical measures to control their numbers will create conditions for the preservation of root harvest, improving root quality and reduce unreasonable pollution of the environment with chemicals.