Abstract
Original data on the isotopic and chemical composition of mineral waters, cold ground and surface waters, as well as hydrogenic deposits of the Antonovsky manifestation of hydrogen sulfide mineral waters (the coast of the Tatar Strait, Sakhalin Island) are provided in the article. For the first time, data on the content of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in groundwaters and surface waters, the volumetric activity of radon and the rare-earth elements as well were obtained. Based on automatic monitoring of the physical parameters of the waters, their hydrogeological characteristics were determined and balneological properties were assessed. It has been determined that the mineral waters of the spring are weakly alkaline, hydrocarbonate-chloride calcium-sodium, with TDS of up to 1 g/l. According to isotope data, the genesis of waters is atmospheric, and the circulation time is less than 60 years. The gas composition is dominated by nitrogen of atmospheric genesis (δ15N = 0.0). High contents of organic carbon (Corg. = 56.6 mg/l) are explained by the processes of interaction of groundwaters with organic matter of water-bearing rocks. When organic matter decomposes in the presence of sulfates and without oxygen, hydrogen sulfide is released, giving rise to a number of intermediate and stable sulfur compounds in hydrogenic sediments and bacterial mats. Elemental, sulfide and sulfate forms of sulfur have been determined in the bottom sediments as well as new formations of the mineral spring, using electron microscopy. The interaction of waters with organic matter of rocks plays a significant role in the formation of the elemental composition of hydrogenic and biogenic deposits of the Antonovsky hydrogen sulphide mineral spring and their enrichment with such metals as Zn, Ge, As, Sr, Ba, U, and Th as well. A characteristic feature of mineral waters is the presence of a pronounced positive europium anomaly, which is typical for waters with low Eh values.
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