ПРОЦЕС БАЛАНСУВАННЯ ШПИНДЕЛІВ ШЛІФУВАЛЬНИХ ТА ШВИДКІСНИХ ФРЕЗЕРУВАЛЬНИХ ВЕРСТАТІВ У ДВОХ ПЛОЩИНАХ КОРЕКЦІЇ

Abstract

Urgency of the research. In connection with the creation of new types of Metalworking equipment and other machines that increase labor productivity, there is a problem of centering and balancing unbalanced technological systems during their manufacture and regime change of imbalances during operation. Currently, most grinding machines and high-speed milling machines provide manual balancing of the grinding wheel and the milling tool. The disadvantage of this method is the need to stop the equipment or change the technological and operational modes of operation. A more effective way is to integrate balancing devices into the kinematic structure of a grinding or milling machine and perform balancing automatically during the machine's running time. Target setting. When implementing automatic balancing of the spindles of grinding and high-speed milling machines on the move of the machine in two planes of correction, expensive, complex vibration measuring equipment, electronic control units and comparison of machine vibrations are necessary. In addition, the technology of automatic balancing on the move of the machine to compensate for moment and dynamic imbalance requires solving the problem of reducing residual imbalance while increasing the reliability of the drive and other devices. Analysis of recent research and publications. The work considered the latest publications on this topic, which are presented in the public domain, including the Internet. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. A significant proportion of current approaches to balancing the spindles of grinding and milling machines during operation require stopping the machine and balancing in manual mode. In determining the load on the spindle due to an imbalance, we also should note that the dynamic cutting forces (e.g., caused by intermittent operation of the cutter or grinding wheel wear) are often much higher than centrifugal forces caused by admissible residual imbalances. When automatically balancing the spindles of grinding and high-speed milling machines, it is necessary to correctly select the position of the correction planes relative to the grinding and milling tools. Therefore, determining the parameters of the imbalance in the two planes of correction and the condition of automatic balancing is an urgent part of the overall problem that is being solved in this scientific study. The research objective. The purpose of this scientific work is to develop a method for automatic balancing of spindles of grinding and high-speed milling machines in two correction planes with the determination of the main imbalance vector and representation of the geometric (mass) characteristics of the rotor through equivalent components in two correction planes. The statement of basic materials. When processing workpieces on high-precision grinding machines and high-speed milling machines, deviations from the geometric accuracy and quality of a given surface are largely determined by the amount of imbalance that occurs when the spindle rotates. It is known that the technological imbalance is the result of such objective reasons as mismatch of the workpiece axis and the spindle axis, uneven mass distribution in local areas of the workpiece, radial runout of the workpiece and tool, different material density. On modern grinding and milling machines, the spindle speed is several thousand revolutions per minute, so each newly installed workpiece must be subjected to balancing, usually together with a chuck, mandrel or collet. Conclusions. As a result of the research, the directions of vectors of static and dynamic imbalance of spindles of grinding and high-speed milling machines after balancing in two correction planes are determined. By moving the correction plane along the axis of the machine spindle, the reactions in the supports increase or decrease, thereby regulating the compensation forces from the correcting masses, which allows automating the process of compensation for moment and dynamic imbalance.