Оцінка енергетичного потенціалу біогазу України

Abstract

On account of the growing interest in the fuel and energy complex of Ukraine to efficient use of renewable energy resources in order to supplement and replace the traditional fossil energy sources, there is a need for an objective analysis and evaluation of available renewable resources to generate the heat and electricity. One such alternative energy source is biogas. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the technically achievable energy potential of biogas of Ukraine, which can be obtained from animal waste and from landfills of solid household waste. The objectives of the study are, first, an analysis of the livestock and poultry population and the mass of municipal solid waste in Ukraine as a resource base for renewable energy sources; second, to calculate the technically achievable energy potential of biogas obtained as a result of the energy conversion of the biomass used. The analysis of the livestock and poultry population and the mass of municipal solid waste shows that the largest number of livestock is kept in farms in Poltava, Cherkasy and Chernihiv regions, the smallest one is in Zakarpattia region. The largest number of pigs in Ukraine is in the Donetsk and Kiev regions, the smallest one is in the Transcarpathian and Luhansk regions. With regard to municipal waste, the largest amount was generated in Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk and Kyiv regions, the smallest one is in Kherson, Lugansk and Volyn regions. The biogas energy potential calculations were performed using the mathematical relationships known and adapted to quantify biogas energy potential from animal manure (or poultry manure) and from the organic component of landfills. An estimation of the technically achievable energy potential of biogas (the amount of energy in terms of conventional fuel which can be obtained from the of biomass available for energy conversion in existing energy generating installations with characteristic technical and economic parameters) from the manure of animals or the breeding of poultry their different types (cattle, pigs, chickens) and from solid waste household waste landfills were conducted both in each oblast and in Ukraine as a whole. According to the estimation the technically available energy potential of biogas of Ukraine is 1.6 mln tons of fuel equivalent, or 1.1 mln tons of oil equivalent. The scale of possible utilization of technically available energy potential of biogas by regions of Ukraine is represented by the table 2. Most of all due to the use of this potential it is possible to reduce the consumption of organic fuel in Kharkiv, Vinnitsa, Cherkasy, Dnipropetrovsk and Kyiv regions, where it is 98...269 thousand tons of fuel equivalent, or 69…188 thousand tons of oil equivalent. The prospect of further research is to evaluate the scale of energy use of Ukraine's biomass and to calculate the estimated capacity of future bioenergy plants