HYDROECOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE REVERSE FLOW ON THE SUCHONA RIVER DURING THE SPRING FLUID

Abstract

The annually reverse course of the Sukhona River, Northern Russia, is due to the features of the landscape, to the channel morphology, and to the time dynamics of spring flood of Sukhona and its tributaries. The evaluation of main hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics of this unique phenomenon is important practically because during the reverse flow the river transports the wastewater from enterprises and cities to its source from Lake Kubenskoye. A number of results have been got: the hydrological regime of Sukhona and of its upper tributaries obtained from every provided issues; the main factors of the reverse flow have been revealed and the hydrological computations have been carried out; the statistical evaluation for the main indexes of solid and liquid flow during the reverse course has been provided; the hydrodynamic calculation for the distance of ingress of polluted waters into Lake Kubenskoye has been elaborated; the hydrochemical indexes of the water quality have been provided; the possible changes of water quality of Lake Kubenskoye and the risks of its pollution were considered. The unique hydrological information from newly established water-measuring points enabled the valid estimation for the hydrological and hydraulic characteristics of the reverse course. The setting of observation sequences to the multi-year period have been made by statistical methodics and correlation analyze. The obtained empirical relationships can set up the prerequisites of a comprehensive forecast model for consequences of the reverse flow. The basic factors for pollution of waters of Sukhona have been revealed and the probability of pollution of Lake Kubenskoye, used for the water supplying of the regional center Vologda, was estimated too. Under that, the conclusions and recommendations for risk reducing of the negative hydro-ecological after-effects of the reverse flow have been formulated.