МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ОЦІНКИ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ КРАЇНИ У ГЛОБАЛЬНИХ ЛАНЦЮГАХ СТВОРЕННЯ ВАРТОСТІ

Abstract

The article defines the main factors that influence the involvement of countries in the GVC. It was found that profiting from participation in the creation of added value depends on the factors of competitiveness, market power and the distribution of captured value. Attention is focused on the fact that competitiveness is one of the main factors influencing the effective integration of the country into the GVC, therefore its assessment and forecasting is a key element in this process. According to the results of the review of studies and publications, it was established that there are various methodological approaches that help to determine the position of countries and business entities in the GVC and to evaluate their integration processes in creating added value. Also, the problem of obtaining the actual data necessary for such an assessment was established, in connection with which, an analysis of databases and indicators that characterize global production networks and supply chains was carried out in order to determine the sources of obtaining statistical data. It was concluded that such data can be not only statistical, it can be reports of enterprises, results of surveys of entrepreneurs, interviews with representatives of business associations, civil servants, etc. The authors substantiated that the choice of a specific approach should be based on formulated research tasks and available sources of input information. A rational solution would be to choose an integrated approach to value added value chains, which would combine several methods and allow to get a more objective picture of the processes that take place in the value added chain. The authors proposed a scientific and methodological approach to assessing the country's competitiveness in the GVC, which involves the calculation of the composite index of the country's competitiveness in the GLS) as a symbiosis of five sub-indexes: the sub-index of the socio-economic competitiveness of the country, the sub-index of the country's financial competitiveness, the subindex of the country's digital competitiveness, the subindex of the country's investment competitiveness and the subindex of the country's competitiveness with participation in the GVC