Перинатальні фактори ризику та клінічні особливості гемодинамічно значущої відкритої артеріальної протоки в недоношених новонароджених

Abstract

The clinical features of the hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (HSPDA) depend on its diameter, which determines the frequency and severity of early complications of the disease. There are conflicting data on the relationship between perinatal factors and the development of large-diameter HSPDA in premature infants. Purрose — to determine the most significant risk factors in the perinatal history affecting the diameter of the ductus arteriosus and early complications of HSPDA in premature infants. Materials and methods. We examined 40 premature babies (gestational age — 29–36 weeks) with HSPDA, who were admitted for observation in the first day of life in the department of anesthesiology and intensive care of newborns of the MI «Dnipropetrovsk Regional Children's Clinical Hospital» DRC». To analyze the effect of the perinatal history on the diameter of the HSPDA in the first day of life, patients were divided into two groups: Group I (n=19) — children with HSPDA diameter <2 mm, Group II (n=21) — children HSPDA diameter >2 mm. The presence of chronic foci of infection in the mother was determined according to the medical documentation, chorioamnionitis based on the pathological examination of the placenta. Clinical examination and treatment of premature infants was carried out according to the generally accepted methods. Echocardiography with dopplerometry was performed at 5–11 hours of life to determine HSPDA. Results. The risk of developing HSPDA >2 mm in diameter in premature infants whose mothers had early gestosis is 4.72 (CI=1.15–19.41; p<0.03). A high degree of risk of development of a HSPDA diameter >2 mm was also established in premature infants in the presence of chronic foci of infection in the mother (OR=10.56; CI=1.9–58.53; p<0.005), chorioamnionitis (OR=13.5; CI=1.51–120.78, p<0.009). Intrauterine infection in premature infants predetermined an increase in the size of HSPDA >2 mm. On the first day of life, a HSPDA diameter >2 mm in premature infants is a risk factor for such early complications as necrotizing enterocolitis (OR=14.55; CI=1.6–131.96, p<0.007), intraventricular hemorrhage (OR=4,29; CI=1.14–16.18, p<0.03), acute kidney injury on the third (OR=15.94; CI=3.38–75.10, p<0.001) and the fifth day of life (OR=35.63; CI=5.73–221.50, p<0.001). Conclusions. A complicated perinatal anamnesis in premature infants is a risk factor for the development of large-diameter HSPDA, determines the occurrence of early complications of the disease, therefore, prevention of HSPDA should be started during pregnancy. The study was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the institution specified in the work. Informed consent was obtained from the parents of the children for the research. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Key words: premature infants, perinatal risk factors, hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus, clinical features.