СТРУКТУРНО-УРОВНЕВЫЙ ПОДХОД В ПСИХОЛОГИИ И ЕГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ДЛЯ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ВЫСШИХ СПОСОБНОСТЕЙ

Abstract

The article discusses the structural-level concepts proposed in Russian and foreign psychology. The relevance and importance of this theoretical study was noted, related to the analysis of structural-level concepts in psychology used in the last century and at present, and their correlation with a certain field of psychology, for example, such as the psychology of abilities. It is shown that the structural-level approach is applied in different aspects of psychology and its various fields, for example, such as theoretical and methodological psychology, developmental psychology, personality psychology, psychology of intelligence, psychology of abilities, which serve as a source of knowledge and psychological information for the development of the concept of higher (spiritual) abilities. The purpose of the study is to analyze structural-level concepts in psychology and consider the possibility of applying a structural-level approach to the study of abilities, in particular, higher abilities, classified as spiritual. Based on a structural-level approach, the author proposed a scheme that allows you to consider and analyze different levels of functioning of abilities; as well as a three-level model of different types of abilities, including 1) elementary abilities; 2) multidimensional abilities; 3) higher (spiritual) abilities. Based on the structural-level approach, the comparison of the highest abilities taking the highest level in the three-level model of types of abilities with the levels of other hierarchical models showed the correlation of the highest level of the author's model and the highest levels of other models, while preserving the specifics of each model and the features of its levels. It has been revealed that the structural-level approach is of particular importance for the study of higher (spiritual) abilities, allowing 1) to reflect their special (dominant) place in the general system of human abilities; 2) show the influence of higher abilities on the abilities at other levels; 3) note the specifics of the manifestation of higher abilities in general in comparison with other abilities.