ЗВОЛОЖЕННЯ, ЯК ФАКТОР СТРУКТУРНОЇ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ НАСЕЛЕННЯ ПТАХІВ ДЕРЕВНИХ НАСАДЖЕНЬ БІОСФЕРНОГО ЗАПОВІДНИКА "АСКАНІЯ-НОВА"

Abstract

<p>The influence of different humidification types towards appearance of forest vegetation conditions on spatial organization of birds in the wood stands is analyzed. Population density, coefficient of occurrence, and informative connection with six types of soil humidification are given for 53 bird species. The informative estimation of every humidification type is determined for every bird species. Thereby it is definitely a contribution of every gradation of edaphic factor to the structural genesis of dendrophilous bird communities. The strongest informative connection between humidity gradients and the avifauna structure of the wood stands is available in dry edaphotopes for margin representatives and fresh one for typical forest species. These two humidification types play a start function in the structural genesis of some blocks of dendrophilous bird communities per se. It is determined that change of bird species of forest-steppe faunogenetic complex by species from Nemoral complex undergoes in most cases on the border of the gradient between fresh and humid edaphotopes.</p> <p>For 53 species of birds from dendrophilous complex is was revealed that the importance of different levels of soil moisture has a different impact in shaping of the modern structure dendrophilous avifauna. Dry and especially drily edaphotopes determine the spatial structure of the species that are of forest-steppe origin and belong to the representatives of the optional component of dendrophilous bird communities. Wet edafotopes are involved in the formation of the spatial structure of species of predominantly immoral origin and relate to the obligate component of representatives of dendrophilous bitd comminities.</p> <p>Gradient wetting of edaphotopes on the verge of ‘linked’/’fresh’ is restructuring for the bird communities. It takes an optional replacement red communists feature to obligate. Stands rather dry and fresh items currently being the most active formation of the spatial structure of bird communities. In relation to the stands for dryish soil compaction observed populations of species that nest there. The fort stands on fresh soil tend to be the emergence of new species for nesting communities. Despite the small area and the uneven spatial arrangement of belts that are caused the effect of irrigation, there are some places of nesting of small belts for species that occur there only because of the increased level of humidity and the presence of open temporary ponds used by waterbirds. These belts have a ‘hunchback’ profile, caused by the constant flooding, and as a result - a tall and dense stands in the center of the forest belt. Formation of watering places is a separate factor that attracts birds in plantations. This phenomenon is described in detail in the literature. Significant structural adjustment of reserve stands caused by the age and condition of vegetation diversity management techniques, moreover the "island" effect becomes characteristic is fewer birds – like dendrophilous. Under present conditions, it does not describe the dendrophilous features for the bird communities in general. Only a few species possess the most biocenotical selectively retain the characteristics inherent to the "island”type populations. The biosphere reserve "Askania Nova" represents the diversity loam with varying degrees of moisture and salinity. The most common are dark chestnut soils in the north of the reserve bordering the southern black soils. Most belts representing tree plantation reserve, located in dark chestnut soils with low humus content in loess loam. Also, the composition of the physical and chemical properties of soil contributes to some zoogenic factors. In relation to the spatial distribution of birds in the reserve, one of the leading factors of the spectrum is the nature of hydration. Directly or through the woody vegetation it determines the nature of the spatial distribution of bird dendrophilous complexes. Relatively high diversity was registered due to the variety of types of moisturizing various irrigation methods for soils. Protected steppe area, which is an indigenous prairie biogeocoenoses and buffer zone of the reserve devoid of any irrigation. Dendroparks and the area of a typical land reserve is the only territory where we registered waterbirds in artificial plantations. This phenomenon is described in detail in the literature.</p> <p>Artificially created temporary pond (puddle) significantly enrich nesting avifauna in tree plantations. Internal cessation of irrigation, which contirubute to the shift of bird species from the category like "water" in fresh and significantly intensifies adjustment in quantitative and qualitative composition of the breeding avifauna of the reserve. Changes among other options moisturizing shades avifauna respond usually quantitative structure rearrangements of existing species.</p> <p><em>Key words: typology, </em><em>humidification, gradient of factor, structural genesis, biosphere reserve.</em></p>