ЦЕЛЕБНЫЕ СОРТА ЯБЛОНИ (ПОПУЛЯРИЗАЦИЯ СЕЛЕКЦИОННЫХ ДОСТИЖЕНИЙ)

Abstract

Purposeful large-scale work on the creation of apple cultivars with improved biochemical composition of the fruit has been carried out at the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) for more than 60 years. Some results of the work on the creation of cultivars with the improved biochemical composition of fruit are summarized in the article. A number of the apple cultivars with high contents of sugars, ascorbic acid and P-active substances have been created. The best cultivars according to a complex of commercial traits and content of sugars in fruit are: Osipovskoye - 12.2% (on State testing), Orlovsky Partizan - 11.8% and Ivanovskoye - 11.8% (included in the State Register). The best cultivars according to the content of ascorbic acid in fruit: Vita - 21.4 mg/100g, Veteran -19.4 mg/100g and Ivanovskoye -19.5 mg/100g (the last two cultivars are included in the State Register). The best cultivars according to the content of P-active substances in fruit: Kandil Orlovsky - 558 mg/100g, Orlovsky Pioner - 514 mg/100g and Pamyati Khitrovo - 480 mg/100g (all are zoned). These cultivars are significantly different according to the biochemical composition from wide-known cultivars Antonovka Obyknovennaya, Grushevka Moskovskaya, Osenneye Polosatoye, Papirovka, Pepin Shafranny and the most new cultivars of VNIISPK breeding. Apple breeding for higher content of sugars and biological active substances (vitamins C and P) has great prospects, because the introduction of such cultivars as irreplaceable energy sources into production will allow to increase nutritional and preventive value of fruits without additional costs. However, we must remember that the purposeful development of high-sugar and high-vitamin cultivars requires the creation of large hybrid funds and years of hard work. It is also necessary to develop rapid methods to carry out mass tests quickly so that to determine the nutrients and biologically active substances in the fruit of a large number of seedlings.