Abstract
With aging, skeletal muscle mass and its function decrease, and the changes lead to increased risk of falls, fractures, long-term care institutionalization, mortality, and even cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Sarcopenia has been defined as low muscle mass together with low muscle strength and/or low physical performance. In 2019, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia(AWGS) published a consensus paper about diagnosis and management of sarcopenia. The AWGS 2019 proposed algorithm starting with measuring SARC-F questionnaire or calf circumference (cut-off, <34 cm in men, <33 cm in women) and then measuring handgrip strength (cut-off, <28 kg in men, <18 kg women) or 5-time chair stand test (≥12 sec), and then ‘possible sarcopenia’ can be defined. Low appendicular skeletal muscle mass and either low muscle strength (handgrip strength) or low physical performance (gait speed or 5-time chair stand test) is used to diagnose sarcopenia. For management of sarcopenia, high protein nutrition and resistance exercise are highly recommended, and vitamin D may increase muscle strength, particularly in vitamin D deficiency.
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