Мониторинг загрязнения почвенного покрова нефтепродуктами и разработка способа его рекультивации

Abstract

Introduction. Oil waste has a high degree of toxicity and poses a great danger to humans and to the natural environment as a whole. One of the most acute problems is the negative impact of oily waste. The negative impact of petroleum products on the soil can lead to irreversible changes in the chemical composition, physical biochemical and microbiological properties of the soil, which determine, among other things, its fertility. The main potential sources of soil pollution with oil and petroleum products include ground vehicles, oil storage facilities, oil refining enterprises, as well as transport transporting petroleum products. The study of the physico-chemical properties of ash and slag waste to reduce the anthropogenic load on the environment. In Kazakhstan, as a result of the production activities of a number of large oil-producing enterprises, huge amounts of oil-and-oil soils have accumulated, significantly polluting the environment. The areas of polluted lands continue to increase as a result of emergency oil spills. Therefore, on the territory of the Kumkol oil field, it is very relevant to conduct environmental monitoring of soil pollution and carry out reclamation measures to restore land fertility The purpose of the research. Environmental monitoring in the conditions of development of the Kumkol deposit and the development of an effective technology for the reclamation of contaminated lands through the use of highly effective biological products to reduce the anthropogenic load on the natural environment. Research materials. For the research, samples of smeared soils of various sites of the Kumkol deposit of the Kyzylorda region of Kazakhstan were used. Research methods. The choice of soil monitoring methods was carried out taking into account the available sources of pollution and types of soil pollution: chemical, biochemical, biochemical, microbiological, etc. The analysis of existing methods of ecological monitoring of soils shows that due to the high cost and technological complexity, the use of a number of them is limited. Therefore, an effective approach to determine the degree of contamination of soils with petroleum products is the use of bioindication and biotesting methods Research results and discussion. As a result of the environmental monitoring, the technology of recultivation of polluted lands was developed using a biological product obtained by composting rice husks with the help of aerobic and anaerobic soil microorganisms. The scientific novelty of the proposed method of recultivation of contaminated soils is confirmed by the patent of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which confirms the scientific and practical significance of the work. The results of the research can be useful in the reclamation of oil-contaminated lands in other regions and the restoration of their vegetation cover. Conclusion. The monitoring of soil pollution by oil and petroleum products shows that the main potential sources include ground transportation facilities, oil storage facilities, oil refineries and transport, which first brings petroleum products. The developed technology of biorecultivation, firstly, reduces the anthropogenic load on the soil surface due to the biodegradation of oil spills, and, secondly, at the same time, the disposal of spilled oil in the form of vermicompost is carried out. In the work, for the first time on the basis of the application of a new technology for the reclamation of contaminated land resources using a biological product obtained from waste of plant and food origin, a new approach to the problem of utilization of oil-contaminated soils and restoration of their fertility, with the production of vermicompost, is proposed. Suggestions for practical application. A new approach to the problem of utilization of oil-contaminated soils and restoration of their fertility, with the production of vermicompost, is proposed, which can be useful in solving environmental problems in other oil-producing regions of Kazakhstan.