Реализация коммуникативного доминирования и его признание в композиционном аспекте полилога в массмедийном жанре ток-шоу

Abstract

The article discusses how to realize and to accept communicative domination through the use of polylogue composition features. The illocutionary structure of the polylogue can be used to seize the leading position in communication. Seizing of the verbal domination is evidenced by the following features of a communicant's speech. Firstly, illocutionary independent speech acts prevail over illocutionary relevant speech acts in the dominant communicant's speech. Secondly, the illocutionary necessitation of the leading speaker's utterance can be directed to several communicants. Thirdly, the illocutionary independent speech act of the dominant communicant can join the utterance-stimulus of other communicants, thus combining the utterance-stimulus and the utterance-reaction of two participants of verbal interaction. In most cases within talk shows illocutionary independent speech acts are represented by interrogative speech acts and exersitives. Interrogative speech acts help the dominant speaker to affect the thematic development of the polylogue, exersetives cause subsequent verbal actions of other communicants. Thus, the dominant speaker controls both the content and compositional development of polylogue. Also, communicants not seizing the leading position can show they accept the domination of the speaker using the compositional means of the polyloue. Thus, the illocutionary independent speech act can be directed to one concrete interlocutor but causes more than one illocutionary relevant speech acts of several interlocutors at the same time. I.e., the more answers are caused by the speaker's utterance the more communicative power he or she has. Also the distance between the utterance-stimulus and the utterance-reaction can become an indication of acceptance of communicative domination. Thus, the strength of the communicant's influence on the polylogue organization depends on the width of illocutionary necessi-tation distribution (the number of response utterances) and on its duration (the distance between the utterance-stimulus and the utterance-reaction). The features of a communicant's speech in the realization and accepting the dominance are determined by the features of the polylogue minimum unit. In contrast to the dialogical unit, the minimum unit of the polylogue can include more than two utterances. As a result, one illocutionary independent speech act causes several illocutionary relevant speech acts. Also, because of the presence of more than two interlocutors, the positions of the utterance-reaction and the utterance-stimulus or the illocutionary relevant speech act and the illocutionary independent speech act can be distant. Thus, the composition of the polylogue provides opportunities for the realization of communicative dominance, and for its acceptance.