СТРАТЕГІЧНІ ТА ТАКТИЧНІ ОРІЄНТИРИ РЕФОРМУВАННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ УКРАЇНИ

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of trends in the development of the energy market of Ukraine, the analysis of key energy consumption targets and their compliance with current indicators of the functioning of the energy market in Ukraine and EU countries. The systematization of literary sources on the issues of reforming the energy market of Ukraine proved the absence of comprehensive studies on the compliance of its current energy policy with the goals and objectives declared by the European community and domestic legislation. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current trends in the development of the world energy market, to determine the place of Ukraine in these processes, to identify the most effective and efficient mechanisms for the transformation of the country's energy market, from the point of view of the possibility of their implementation in Ukraine in the conditions of war and post-war economic recovery. Based on the results of the analysis of the dynamics of the gap between the actual volumes of energy consumption in the EU countries and the targeted values of 2020 and 2030, it was concluded that the actual indicators do not correspond to the planned ones in most EU countries. Achieving the target value in 2030 requires a reduction of primary energy consumption by at least 16%, and final energy consumption by 14.4%, which is much higher than the average rate of decline of these indicators for the period 2000-2021. Based on a comparative analysis of trends in energy consumption in In Ukraine and the EU countries, it was concluded that the volume of primary energy consumption significantly exceeded the average European value. It has been proved that the significant decrease in the volumes of primary energy consumption in Ukraine in 2009 and 2015 is to a greater extent connected with the economic and political crises in the country, and not with the implementation of effective state measures aimed at reforming the energy market. Based on the results of the study, a conclusion about the need to reform the energy policy in Ukraine and EU countries by intensifying the processes of transition to renewable and relatively safe energy sources, reducing the amount of energy consumption in general, transition from electricity production from fossil fuels and nuclear energy to wind and solar photovoltaic energy was made.